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Health Risk Assessment of Nitrate Contamination in Groundwater: A Case Study of an Agricultural Area in Northeast China

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  • Xiaosi Su
  • Huang Wang
  • Yuling Zhang

Abstract

High levels of nitrates in groundwater pose a risk to human health. In this study, we selected areas with typical agricultural nitrate pollution in northeast China as study sites. We then collected groundwater samples for nitrate nitrogen content analysis using the Four Step method developed by the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in conjunction with the non-carcinogens health risk model (R = CDI/RfD) to determine the health risk associated with nitrate pollution of groundwater. The reference value of nitrates in drinking water was set at 10 mg/L (measured as nitrogen) and the intake reference dose of nitrate was set at 1.6 mg•kg −1 •d −1 based on the EPA’s IRIS(Integrated Risk Information System). The water intake reference values were set at 2.3 L/d and 1.5 L/d based on the EPA values and actual values observed in the study area. The average exposure time was the ED (exposure duration) × 365d/a. Weights refer to the 2002 national urban and rural average weight of residents of different genders and different ages. Health hazard index calculation was based on the above information, and the index less than 1 is acceptable (U.S. EPA’s Risk Assessment Guide). Health risk assessment maps were then drawn by Arcgis software. The results indicated that agricultural sewage irrigation areas in the study area showed strong health risks, but that those of the city were relatively small. Moreover, the results indicated that children’s health risks are greater than those of adults. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaosi Su & Huang Wang & Yuling Zhang, 2013. "Health Risk Assessment of Nitrate Contamination in Groundwater: A Case Study of an Agricultural Area in Northeast China," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(8), pages 3025-3034, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:27:y:2013:i:8:p:3025-3034
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-013-0330-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. A. Yang & G. Huang & X. Qin, 2010. "An Integrated Simulation-Assessment Approach for Evaluating Health Risks of Groundwater Contamination Under Multiple Uncertainties," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(13), pages 3349-3369, October.
    2. Yiannis Panagopoulos & Christos Makropoulos & Maria Mimikou, 2011. "Diffuse Surface Water Pollution: Driving Factors for Different Geoclimatic Regions," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(14), pages 3635-3660, November.
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    1. B. Jianmin & W. Yu & Z. Juan, 2015. "Arsenic and fluorine in groundwater in western Jilin Province, China: occurrence and health risk assessment," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 77(3), pages 1903-1914, July.
    2. Fawen Li & Yong Zhao & Ping Feng & Wei Zhang & Jiale Qiao, 2015. "Risk Assessment of Groundwater and its Application. Part I: Risk Grading Based on the Functional Zoning of Groundwater," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(8), pages 2697-2714, June.
    3. Gwon-Soo Bahn & Byung-Chul An, 2020. "Analysis of Environmental Purification Effect of Riparian Forest with Poplar Trees for Ecological Watershed Management: A Case Study in the Floodplain of the Dam Reservoir in Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-17, August.
    4. Robert Duda & Robert Zdechlik & Jarosław Kania, 2021. "Semiquantitative Risk Assessment Method for Groundwater Source Protection Using a Process-based Interdisciplinary Approach," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 35(10), pages 3373-3394, August.
    5. Wenyong Wu & Shiyang Yin & Honglu Liu & Honghan Chen, 2014. "Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment and Feasibility Mapping Under Reclaimed Water Irrigation by a Modified DRASTIC Model," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(5), pages 1219-1234, March.
    6. Jianwei Bu & Ziyong Sun & Rui Ma & Yunde Liu & Xulong Gong & Zhao Pan & Wenhao Wei, 2020. "Shallow Groundwater Quality and Its Controlling Factors in the Su-Xi-Chang Region, Eastern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-18, February.
    7. Longxia Qian & Hongrui Wang & Keni Zhang, 2014. "Evaluation Criteria and Model for Risk Between Water Supply and Water Demand and its Application in Beijing," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(13), pages 4433-4447, October.
    8. José María Orellana-Macías & María Jesús Perles Roselló & Jesús Causapé, 2021. "A Methodology for Assessing Groundwater Pollution Hazard by Nitrates from Agricultural Sources: Application to the Gallocanta Groundwater Basin (Spain)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-15, June.
    9. Lorelei Ford & Lalita Bharadwaj & Lianne McLeod & Cheryl Waldner, 2017. "Human Health Risk Assessment Applied to Rural Populations Dependent on Unregulated Drinking Water Sources: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-22, July.
    10. Wenwen Feng & Chao Wang & Xiaohui Lei & Hao Wang & Xueliang Zhang, 2020. "Distribution of Nitrate Content in Groundwater and Evaluation of Potential Health Risks: A Case Study of Rural Areas in Northern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-14, December.
    11. Md. Iftakharul Muhib & Mir Mohammad Ali & Shafi M. Tareq & Md. Mostafizur Rahman, 2023. "Nitrate Pollution in the Groundwater of Bangladesh: An Emerging Threat," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-20, May.
    12. Irina Marinov & Anca Marinov, 2014. "A Coupled Mathematical Model to Predict the Influence of Nitrogen Fertilization on Crop, Soil and Groundwater Quality," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(15), pages 5231-5246, December.
    13. Wujuan Mi & Minghua Zhang & Yuan Li & Xiaoxuan Jing & Wei Pan & Xin Xing & Chen Xiao & Qiusheng He & Yonghong Bi, 2023. "Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Groundwater Nitrate-Nitrogen and Its Potential Human Health Risk in a Severe Water Shortage Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-12, September.
    14. Leah Grout & Simon Hales & Nigel French & Michael G. Baker, 2018. "A Review of Methods for Assessing the Environmental Health Impacts of an Agricultural System," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-27, June.
    15. Yang Jin & Quanping Zhou & Xiaolong Wang & Hong Zhang & Guoqiang Yang & Ting Lei & Shijia Mei & Hai Yang & Lin Liu & Hui Yang & Jinsong Lv & Yuehua Jiang, 2022. "Heavy Metals in the Mainstream Water of the Yangtze River Downstream: Distribution, Sources and Health Risk Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-17, May.
    16. Pavitra Kumar & Sai Hin Lai & Jee Khai Wong & Nuruol Syuhadaa Mohd & Md Rowshon Kamal & Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan & Ali Najah Ahmed & Mohsen Sherif & Ahmed Sefelnasr & Ahmed El-Shafie, 2020. "Review of Nitrogen Compounds Prediction in Water Bodies Using Artificial Neural Networks and Other Models," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-26, May.

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