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Observations on Vertical Variability in Groundwater Quality: Implications for Aquifer Management

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  • Lior Netzer
  • Noam Weisbrod
  • Daniel Kurtzman
  • Ahmed Nasser
  • Ellen Graber
  • Daniel Ronen

Abstract

This work demonstrates significant vertical variability in the chemical composition of groundwater (Cl − from 150 to 550 mg/L, ${\rm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$ from 3 to 70 mg/L, trichloroethene from 350 to 55,000 μg/L and Cr Total from 3 to 2,900 μg/L) along a 130 m thick vertical section passing through two subaquifers of the Costal Plain aquifer of Israel. Water samples were obtained by multilevel sampler under natural gradient flow conditions from a monitoring well which penetrates the entire aquifer. The vertical chemical variability detected at a single point in time in this well was found to be similar to the range of concentrations detected for Cl − in pumping wells located over an area of about 1,000 km 2 in the same aquifer. Similarly, vertical variations in ${\rm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$ concentration in the single monitoring well represent more than 50% of the total variation in nitrate levels in pumping wells sampled across the entire aquifer. These results graphically illustrate that data from pumping wells, which extract unknown mixtures of groundwater from different depths, cannot provide adequate information about groundwater quality for management purposes. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011

Suggested Citation

  • Lior Netzer & Noam Weisbrod & Daniel Kurtzman & Ahmed Nasser & Ellen Graber & Daniel Ronen, 2011. "Observations on Vertical Variability in Groundwater Quality: Implications for Aquifer Management," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(5), pages 1315-1324, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:25:y:2011:i:5:p:1315-1324
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-010-9746-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Y. Mogheir & J. de Lima & V. Singh, 2009. "Entropy and Multi-Objective Based Approach for Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network Assessment and Redesign," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(8), pages 1603-1620, June.
    2. H. Assaf & M. Saadeh, 2009. "Geostatistical Assessment of Groundwater Nitrate Contamination with Reflection on DRASTIC Vulnerability Assessment: The Case of the Upper Litani Basin, Lebanon," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(4), pages 775-796, March.
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    2. M. Mastrocicco & B. Giambastiani & P. Severi & N. Colombani, 2012. "The Importance of Data Acquisition Techniques in Saltwater Intrusion Monitoring," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(10), pages 2851-2866, August.
    3. Yun Chen & Shahbaz Khan & Tariq Rana & Akhtar Abbas & Heinz Buettikofer, 2012. "Three Dimensional Conceptualisation of Hydrogeological Environment to Underpin Groundwater Management in Irrigation Area," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(11), pages 3077-3093, September.

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    Keywords

    Aquifer management; Groundwater quality;

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