IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/waterr/v23y2009i12p2417-2435.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Estimation of Clark’s Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph Parameters and Development of Direct Surface Runoff Hydrograph

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Ahmad
  • Abdul Ghumman
  • Sajjad Ahmad

Abstract

We present a method to estimate Time of Concentration (T c ) and Storage Coefficient (R) to develop Clark’s Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (CIUH). T c is estimated from Time Area Diagram of the catchment and R is determined using optimization approach based on Downhill Simplex technique (code written in FORTRAN). Four different objective functions are used in optimization to determine R. The sum of least squares objective function is used in a novel way by relating it to slope of a linear regression best fit line drawn between observed and simulated peak discharge values to find R. Physical parameters (delineation, land slope, stream lengths and associated drainage areas) of the catchment are derived from SPOT satellite imageries of the basin using ERDAS: Arc GIS is used for geographic data processing. Ten randomly selected rainfall–runoff events are used for calibration and five for validation. Using CIUH, a Direct surface runoff hydrograph (DSRH) is developed. Kaha catchment (5,598 km 2 ), part of Indus river system, located in semi-arid region of Pakistan and dominated by hill torrent flows is used to demonstrate the applicability of proposed approach. Model results during validation are very good with model efficiency of more than 95% and root mean square error of less than 6%. Impact of variation in model parameters T c and R on DSRH is investigated. It is identified that DSRH is more sensitive to R compared to T c . Relatively equal values of R and T c reveal that shape of DSRH for a large catchment depends on both runoff diffusion and translation flow effects. The runoff diffusion effect is found to be dominant. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Ahmad & Abdul Ghumman & Sajjad Ahmad, 2009. "Estimation of Clark’s Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph Parameters and Development of Direct Surface Runoff Hydrograph," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(12), pages 2417-2435, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:23:y:2009:i:12:p:2417-2435
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-008-9388-8
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/s11269-008-9388-8
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11269-008-9388-8?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. A. Al-Wagdany & A. Rao, 1997. "Estimation of the Velocity Parameter of the Geomorphologic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, February.
    2. S. Jain & R. Singh & S. Seth, 2000. "Design Flood Estimation Using GIS Supported GIUHApproach," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 14(5), pages 369-376, October.
    3. Rakesh Kumar & C. Chatterjee & A. Lohani & Sanjay Kumar & R. Singh, 2002. "Sensitivity Analysis of the GIUH based Clark Model for a Catchment," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 16(4), pages 263-278, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Guangyang Wu & Lanhai Li & Sajjad Ahmad & Xi Chen & Xiangliang Pan, 2013. "A Dynamic Model for Vulnerability Assessment of Regional Water Resources in Arid Areas: A Case Study of Bayingolin, China," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(8), pages 3085-3101, June.
    2. Muhammad Ahmad & Abdul Ghumman & Sajjad Ahmad & Hashim Hashmi, 2010. "Estimation of a Unique Pair of Nash Model Parameters: An Optimization Approach," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(12), pages 2971-2989, September.
    3. Samuel Beskow & Lloyd Norton & Carlos Mello, 2013. "Hydrological Prediction in a Tropical Watershed Dominated by Oxisols Using a Distributed Hydrological Model," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(2), pages 341-363, January.
    4. Chun-dan Cheng & Shin-jen Cheng & Jet-chau Wen & Ju-huang Lee, 2012. "Effects of Raingauge Distribution on Estimation Accuracy of Areal Rainfall," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(1), pages 1-20, January.
    5. Jet-chau Wen & Yen-jen Lee & Shin-jen Cheng & Ju-huang Lee, 2014. "Changes of rural to urban areas in hydrograph characteristics on watershed divisions," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 74(2), pages 887-909, November.
    6. Fares Laouacheria & Rachid Mansouri, 2015. "Comparison of WBNM and HEC-HMS for Runoff Hydrograph Prediction in a Small Urban Catchment," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(8), pages 2485-2501, June.
    7. R. Jaiswal & T. Thomas & R. Galkate & N. Ghosh & A. Lohani & Rakesh Kumar, 2014. "Development of Geomorphology Based Regional Nash Model for Data Scares Central India Region," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(2), pages 351-371, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. A. Sarangi & C. Madramootoo & P. Enright & S. Prasher, 2007. "Evaluation of three unit hydrograph models to predict the surface runoff from a Canadian watershed," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 21(7), pages 1127-1143, July.
    2. Emna Ellouze-Gargouri & Zoubeida Bargaoui, 2012. "Runoff Estimation for an Ungauged Catchment Using Geomorphological Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) and Copulas," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(6), pages 1615-1638, April.
    3. Muhammad Ahmad & Abdul Ghumman & Sajjad Ahmad & Hashim Hashmi, 2010. "Estimation of a Unique Pair of Nash Model Parameters: An Optimization Approach," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(12), pages 2971-2989, September.
    4. Wenlin Yuan & Meiqi Liu & Fang Wan, 2019. "Study on the impact of rainfall pattern in small watersheds on rainfall warning index of flash flood event," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 97(2), pages 665-682, June.
    5. Mohammad Reza KHALEGHI & Jamal GHODUSI & Hassan AHMADI, 2014. "Regional analysis using the Geomorphologic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) method," Soil and Water Research, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 9(1), pages 25-30.
    6. B. Grum & B. A. Abebe & A. M. Degu & H. Goitom & K. Woldearegay & R. Hessel & C. J. Ritsema & V. Geissen, 2023. "Evaluation of the Velocity Parameter Estimation Methods in a Geomorphological Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) Model for Simulating Flood Hydrograph in Ungauged Catchments," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 37(1), pages 157-173, January.
    7. Chang-Shian Chen & Frederick Chou & Boris Chen, 2010. "Spatial Information-Based Back-Propagation Neural Network Modeling for Outflow Estimation of Ungauged Catchment," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(14), pages 4175-4197, November.
    8. Andre Zerger & Stephen Wealands, 2004. "Beyond Modelling: Linking Models with GIS for Flood Risk Management," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 33(2), pages 191-208, October.
    9. Samuel Beskow & Lloyd Norton & Carlos Mello, 2013. "Hydrological Prediction in a Tropical Watershed Dominated by Oxisols Using a Distributed Hydrological Model," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(2), pages 341-363, January.
    10. Xiaoyan Zhai & Liang Guo & Ronghua Liu & Yongyong Zhang, 2018. "Rainfall threshold determination for flash flood warning in mountainous catchments with consideration of antecedent soil moisture and rainfall pattern," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 94(2), pages 605-625, November.
    11. Vikrant Jain & R. Sinha, 2003. "Derivation of Unit Hydrograph from GIUH Analysis for a Himalayan River," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 17(5), pages 355-376, October.
    12. Tomasz Bryndal, 2023. "Changes in the Active Drainage Network and Their Impact on the Hydrological Response and Flood Risk Management Process: A Case Study for a Flysch Mountain Catchment," Resources, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-21, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:23:y:2009:i:12:p:2417-2435. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.