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Estimation of Clark’s Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph Parameters and Development of Direct Surface Runoff Hydrograph

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  • Muhammad Ahmad
  • Abdul Ghumman
  • Sajjad Ahmad

Abstract

We present a method to estimate Time of Concentration (T c ) and Storage Coefficient (R) to develop Clark’s Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (CIUH). T c is estimated from Time Area Diagram of the catchment and R is determined using optimization approach based on Downhill Simplex technique (code written in FORTRAN). Four different objective functions are used in optimization to determine R. The sum of least squares objective function is used in a novel way by relating it to slope of a linear regression best fit line drawn between observed and simulated peak discharge values to find R. Physical parameters (delineation, land slope, stream lengths and associated drainage areas) of the catchment are derived from SPOT satellite imageries of the basin using ERDAS: Arc GIS is used for geographic data processing. Ten randomly selected rainfall–runoff events are used for calibration and five for validation. Using CIUH, a Direct surface runoff hydrograph (DSRH) is developed. Kaha catchment (5,598 km 2 ), part of Indus river system, located in semi-arid region of Pakistan and dominated by hill torrent flows is used to demonstrate the applicability of proposed approach. Model results during validation are very good with model efficiency of more than 95% and root mean square error of less than 6%. Impact of variation in model parameters T c and R on DSRH is investigated. It is identified that DSRH is more sensitive to R compared to T c . Relatively equal values of R and T c reveal that shape of DSRH for a large catchment depends on both runoff diffusion and translation flow effects. The runoff diffusion effect is found to be dominant. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Ahmad & Abdul Ghumman & Sajjad Ahmad, 2009. "Estimation of Clark’s Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph Parameters and Development of Direct Surface Runoff Hydrograph," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(12), pages 2417-2435, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:23:y:2009:i:12:p:2417-2435
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-008-9388-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. A. Al-Wagdany & A. Rao, 1997. "Estimation of the Velocity Parameter of the Geomorphologic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, February.
    2. S. Jain & R. Singh & S. Seth, 2000. "Design Flood Estimation Using GIS Supported GIUHApproach," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 14(5), pages 369-376, October.
    3. Rakesh Kumar & C. Chatterjee & A. Lohani & Sanjay Kumar & R. Singh, 2002. "Sensitivity Analysis of the GIUH based Clark Model for a Catchment," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 16(4), pages 263-278, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Samuel Beskow & Lloyd Norton & Carlos Mello, 2013. "Hydrological Prediction in a Tropical Watershed Dominated by Oxisols Using a Distributed Hydrological Model," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(2), pages 341-363, January.
    2. Chun-dan Cheng & Shin-jen Cheng & Jet-chau Wen & Ju-huang Lee, 2012. "Effects of Raingauge Distribution on Estimation Accuracy of Areal Rainfall," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(1), pages 1-20, January.
    3. Fares Laouacheria & Rachid Mansouri, 2015. "Comparison of WBNM and HEC-HMS for Runoff Hydrograph Prediction in a Small Urban Catchment," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(8), pages 2485-2501, June.
    4. Guangyang Wu & Lanhai Li & Sajjad Ahmad & Xi Chen & Xiangliang Pan, 2013. "A Dynamic Model for Vulnerability Assessment of Regional Water Resources in Arid Areas: A Case Study of Bayingolin, China," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(8), pages 3085-3101, June.
    5. R. Jaiswal & T. Thomas & R. Galkate & N. Ghosh & A. Lohani & Rakesh Kumar, 2014. "Development of Geomorphology Based Regional Nash Model for Data Scares Central India Region," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(2), pages 351-371, January.
    6. Muhammad Ahmad & Abdul Ghumman & Sajjad Ahmad & Hashim Hashmi, 2010. "Estimation of a Unique Pair of Nash Model Parameters: An Optimization Approach," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(12), pages 2971-2989, September.
    7. Jet-chau Wen & Yen-jen Lee & Shin-jen Cheng & Ju-huang Lee, 2014. "Changes of rural to urban areas in hydrograph characteristics on watershed divisions," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 74(2), pages 887-909, November.

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