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Social Exclusion Among Older Adults: A Multilevel Analysis for 10 European Countries

Author

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  • Fernanda Juma

    (University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU))

  • Ana Fernández-Sainz

    (University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU))

Abstract

Demographic ageing has influenced the well-being of the population. Issues that need to be addressed in terms of generating vulnerability in older adults (aged 60+) include social exclusion. Using the longitudinal Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), this study proposes a measure of social exclusion among older adults represented by five underlying dimensions: exclusion from material resources, from social relationships, from basic services, from participation in civic activities and from neighbourhoods. This measure is then associated with individual and collective factors using a multilevel linear regression model, which captures differences between countries and individuals over three years. The main results indicate that being female, having a high level of education, and living in an urban area are significant factors in the risk of social exclusion. Additionally, trust in government has a negative association while the Gini coefficient variable and belonging to Southern and Eastern European countries have positive associations. These regions are characterised by a more family-based, dependent culture, but exclusion in old age is also reflected in different political, historical, and socio-cultural contexts over time, which makes older people less likely to be socially excluded today.

Suggested Citation

  • Fernanda Juma & Ana Fernández-Sainz, 2024. "Social Exclusion Among Older Adults: A Multilevel Analysis for 10 European Countries," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 174(2), pages 525-551, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:174:y:2024:i:2:d:10.1007_s11205-024-03369-w
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-024-03369-w
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Old-age exclusion; Life-cycle; Europe; Later life;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being
    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
    • J14 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-Labor Market Discrimination

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