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Gender Equality in Europe: The Development of the Sustainable Development Goal No. 5 Illustrated by Exemplary Cases

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  • Lars Carlsen

    (Awareness Center)

  • Rainer Bruggemann

    (Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries)

Abstract

The inequality between genders is a problem virtually in all countries. A comparison among 28 nations of the European Union together with a data set corresponding to a population weighted average of all European Union nations is performed for the years 2006, 2010 and 2017, respectively. In order to compare the nations mutually, six indicators out of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal No 5 are scrutinized. Methods of Discrete Mathematics are applied as a tool to perform the comparisons methods. Partial order is an appropriate tool to inspect the role of all these six indicators to compare the nations. It is shown that an aggregation method is possible without the difficult task to introduce specific weights to the single indicators. Beyond this it is assumed that the data are associated with some uncertainty that should be taken into account. As a methodological result, we show that a special partial order is recommendable, the interval order; furthermore, a crude classification is found with Denmark at the top, Germany in the middle field and Czech Republic in a position which requires obviously some improvements. Further, applying an identical analytical methodology the development in gender equality over the period 2006 to 2017 for Denmark, Germany, and the Czech Republic was studied applying the population averaged data for the European Union as a reference point.

Suggested Citation

  • Lars Carlsen & Rainer Bruggemann, 2021. "Gender Equality in Europe: The Development of the Sustainable Development Goal No. 5 Illustrated by Exemplary Cases," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 158(3), pages 1127-1151, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:158:y:2021:i:3:d:10.1007_s11205-021-02732-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-021-02732-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lars Carlsen & Rainer Bruggemann, 2014. "The ‘Failed State Index’ Offers More than Just a Simple Ranking," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 115(1), pages 525-530, January.
    2. Paola Annoni & Rainer Bruggemann & Lars Carlsen, 2015. "A multidimensional view on poverty in the European Union by partial order theory," Journal of Applied Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(3), pages 535-554, March.
    3. Giuseppe Munda, 2008. "Social Multi-Criteria Evaluation for a Sustainable Economy," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-3-540-73703-2, June.
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    1. Lars Carlsen & Rainer Bruggemann & Marco Fattore, 2023. "Factors determining the degree of gender equality within the European Union," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 57(2), pages 1483-1499, April.
    2. Fattore, Marco & Alaimo, Leonardo Salvatore, 2023. "A partial order toolbox for building synthetic indicators of sustainability with ordinal data," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).

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