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Drying Climates and Gendered Suffering: Links Between Drought, Food Insecurity, and Women’s HIV in Less-Developed Countries

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  • Kelly F. Austin

    (Lehigh University)

  • Mark D. Noble

    (Susquehanna University)

  • Virginia Kuulei Berndt

    (University of Delaware)

Abstract

HIV/AIDS represents the leading cause of death among women of reproductive age globally, and gender inequalities in the burden of HIV/AIDS are most pronounced in poorer countries. Drawing on ideas from feminist political ecology, we explore linkages between suffering from drought, food insecurity, and women’s vulnerability to HIV. Using data from 91 less-developed countries, we construct a structural equation model to analyze the direct and indirect influence of these factors, alongside other socio-economic indicators, on the percentage of the adult population living with HIV that are women. We find that droughts are significant in shaping gender inequalities in the HIV burden indirectly through increased food insecurity. We draw on prior research to argue that due to gendered inequalities, food insecurity increases women’s vulnerability to HIV by intensifying biological susceptibilities to the disease, reducing access to social and health resources, and motivating women to engage in risky sexual behaviors, such as transactional sex. Overall, our findings demonstrate that droughts serve as an important underlying factor in promoting HIV transmission among vulnerable women in poor countries, and that food insecurity is a key mechanism in driving this relationship.

Suggested Citation

  • Kelly F. Austin & Mark D. Noble & Virginia Kuulei Berndt, 2021. "Drying Climates and Gendered Suffering: Links Between Drought, Food Insecurity, and Women’s HIV in Less-Developed Countries," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 154(1), pages 313-334, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:154:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1007_s11205-020-02562-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-020-02562-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Virginia Cocina Díaz & Mar Llorente-Marrón & Sandra Dema Moreno, 2024. "The socio-economic consequences of the earthquakes in the Dominican Republic (2003), Honduras (2007 and 2009) and Haiti (2010) on gender relations: urban vs. rural areas," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(13), pages 11765-11789, October.
    2. Carole Treibich & Eleanor Bell & Elodie Blanc & Aurélia Lépine, 2022. "From a drought to HIV: An analysis of the effect of droughts on transactional sex and sexually transmitted infections in Malawi," Post-Print hal-03818619, HAL.

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