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Conceptualising and Measuring Spatial Indicators of Employment Through a Liveability Lens

Author

Listed:
  • Hannah Badland

    (The University of Melbourne)

  • Melanie Davern

    (The University of Melbourne)

  • Karen Villanueva

    (The University of Melbourne)

  • Suzanne Mavoa

    (The University of Melbourne)

  • Allison Milner

    (The University of Melbourne)

  • Rebecca Roberts

    (The University of Melbourne)

  • Billie Giles-Corti

    (The University of Melbourne)

Abstract

Employment is a well-known social determinant of health and wellbeing and important for the liveability of a region. Yet, spatial data are rarely used to understand barriers and facilitators of accessing employment within a city. Therefore it remains challenging to plan cities that provide equitable opportunities for urban job seekers. This paper sought to: (1) identify urban planning and neighbourhood spatial attributes that facilitate access to employment; (2) conceptualise how neighbourhood attributes that facilitate accessible urban employment may be related to health and wellbeing behaviours and outcomes; and (3) isolate potentially important neighbourhood-level spatial measures that policy-makers and planners could use to assess urban employment accessibility. A conceptual framework was developed through a social determinants of health lens, where more upstream (e.g., neighbourhood attributes) and more downstream (e.g., behaviours, intermediate outcomes) determinants of urban employment were identified in relation to long-term health and social outcomes of interest. Six potential neighbourhood spatial measures of employment were identified. These were classified into measures of: access to employment (n = 4), local employment (n = 1), and neighbourhood employment level (n = 1). The spatial measures proposed rely on routinely collected administrative datasets existing within Australia (i.e., census data); therefore can be replicated over time and data are available nationally. Together, this research identified a suite of potential (and readily available) spatial measures that can be used to assess selected neighbourhood attributes as they relate to urban employment access. Such spatial measures can be used to inform future planning decisions that integrate policies across multiple sectors, thereby improving employment accessibility in an urban context.

Suggested Citation

  • Hannah Badland & Melanie Davern & Karen Villanueva & Suzanne Mavoa & Allison Milner & Rebecca Roberts & Billie Giles-Corti, 2016. "Conceptualising and Measuring Spatial Indicators of Employment Through a Liveability Lens," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 127(2), pages 565-576, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:127:y:2016:i:2:d:10.1007_s11205-015-0978-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-015-0978-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Roelfs, David J. & Shor, Eran & Davidson, Karina W. & Schwartz, Joseph E., 2011. "Losing life and livelihood: A systematic review and meta-analysis of unemployment and all-cause mortality," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 72(6), pages 840-854, March.
    2. Michael A. Stoll, 2005. "Geographical Skills Mismatch, Job Search and Race," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 42(4), pages 695-717, April.
    3. Emre Korsu & Sandrine Wenglenski, 2010. "Job Accessibility, Residential Segregation and Risk of Long-term Unemployment in the Paris Region," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 47(11), pages 2279-2324, October.
    4. Dobbs, Lynn, 2005. "Wedded to the car: women, employment and the importance of private transport," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 12(3), pages 266-278, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Amanda Alderton & Kornsupha Nitvimol & Melanie Davern & Carl Higgs & Joana Correia & Iain Butterworth & Hannah Badland, 2021. "Building Capacity in Monitoring Urban Liveability in Bangkok: Critical Success Factors and Reflections from a Multi-Sectoral, International Partnership," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-14, July.
    2. Melanie Davern & Rachel Winterton & Kathleen Brasher & Geoff Woolcock, 2020. "How Can the Lived Environment Support Healthy Ageing? A Spatial Indicators Framework for the Assessment of Age-Friendly Communities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-20, October.
    3. Hannah Badland & Allison Milner & Rebecca Roberts & Billie Giles-Corti, 2017. "Are Area-Level Measures of Employment Associated with Health Behaviours and Outcomes?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 134(1), pages 237-251, October.
    4. Badland, Hannah & Pearce, Jamie, 2019. "Liveable for whom? Prospects of urban liveability to address health inequities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 94-105.
    5. Ivan Parise & Penelope Abbott & Steven Trankle, 2021. "Drivers to Obesity—A Study of the Association between Time Spent Commuting Daily and Obesity in the Nepean Blue Mountains Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-14, December.
    6. Lowe, Melanie & Arundel, Jonathan & Hooper, Paula & Rozek, Julianna & Higgs, Carl & Roberts, Rebecca & Giles-Corti, Billie, 2020. "Liveability aspirations and realities: Implementation of urban policies designed to create healthy cities in Australia," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).

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