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Measuring the relationships among university, industry and other sectors in Japan’s national innovation system: a comparison of new approaches with mutual information indicators

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  • Yuan Sun

    (National Institute of Informatics (NII))

  • Masamitsu Negishi

    (National Institute of Informatics (NII))

Abstract

Co-authored publications across sectors have been used as indicators of the triple helix model and more generally for the study of science–technology relations. However, how to measure the relationships among the three or more sectors is a technically difficult issue. Using mutual information as an indicator has proved to be effective, but it is not widely used. In this paper, we introduced φ coefficients and partial correlation as conventional indicators to measure the relationships among sectors on the basis of Japanese publication data in the ISI-databases. We also proposed a new approach of graphical modeling based on partial correlation for studying university–industry–government relationships and relationships with other sectors. The conventional indicators give results that are consistent with mutual information, which shows that collaborations among the three national sectors (U, I, G) are getting weaker and that members of these sectors tend to collaborate much more with foreign researchers. It is also shown that universities used to play the central role in the national publication system and acted as a bridge between national sectors and foreign researchers. However, since 2000, the situation has been changing. The center of the Japanese research network is becoming more “foreign” oriented.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuan Sun & Masamitsu Negishi, 2010. "Measuring the relationships among university, industry and other sectors in Japan’s national innovation system: a comparison of new approaches with mutual information indicators," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 82(3), pages 677-685, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:scient:v:82:y:2010:i:3:d:10.1007_s11192-010-0179-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s11192-010-0179-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Loet Leydesdorff, 2003. "The mutual information of university-industry-government relations: An indicator of the Triple Helix dynamics," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 58(2), pages 445-467, October.
    2. Etzkowitz, Henry & Leydesdorff, Loet, 2000. "The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and "Mode 2" to a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 109-123, February.
    3. Yuan Sun & Masamitsu Negishi & Masaki Nishizawa, 2007. "Coauthorship linkages between universities and industry in Japan," Research Evaluation, Oxford University Press, vol. 16(4), pages 299-309, December.
    4. Loet Leydesdorff & Yuan Sun, 2009. "National and international dimensions of the Triple Helix in Japan: University–industry–government versus international coauthorship relations," Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Association for Information Science & Technology, vol. 60(4), pages 778-788, April.
    5. Narin, Francis & Hamilton, Kimberly S. & Olivastro, Dominic, 1997. "The increasing linkage between U.S. technology and public science," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 26(3), pages 317-330, October.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Loet Leydesdorff, 2011. "“Structuration” by intellectual organization: the configuration of knowledge in relations among structural components in networks of science," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 88(2), pages 499-520, August.
    3. Md. Dulal Hossain & Junghoon Moon & Hyoung Goo Kang & Sung Chul Lee & Young Chan Choe, 2012. "Mapping the dynamics of knowledge base of innovations of R&D in Bangladesh: triple helix perspective," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 90(1), pages 57-83, January.
    4. Zhang, Yi & Chen, Kaihua & Fu, Xiaolan, 2019. "Scientific effects of Triple Helix interactions among research institutes, industries and universities," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 86, pages 33-47.
    5. Jungwon Yoon & Joshua SungWoo Yang & Han Woo Park, 2017. "Quintuple helix structure of Sino-Korean research collaboration in science," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 113(1), pages 61-81, October.
    6. Rotolo, Daniele & Camerani, Roberto & Grassano, Nicola & Martin, Ben R., 2022. "Why do firms publish? A systematic literature review and a conceptual framework," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(10).
    7. Haneul Kim & Minghao Huang & Furong Jin & David Bodoff & Junghoon Moon & Young Chan Choe, 2012. "Triple helix in the agricultural sector of Northeast Asian countries: a comparative study between Korea and China," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 90(1), pages 101-120, January.
    8. Loet Leydesdorff & Ping Zhou, 2014. "Measuring the knowledge-based economy of China in terms of synergy among technological, organizational, and geographic attributes of firms," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 98(3), pages 1703-1719, March.
    9. Bryn Lander, 2013. "Sectoral collaboration in biomedical research and development," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 94(1), pages 343-357, January.
    10. Dong Geun Choi & Heesang Lee & Tae-kyung Sung, 2011. "Research profiling for ‘standardization and innovation’," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 88(1), pages 259-278, July.
    11. Martin Meyer & Kevin Grant & Piera Morlacchi & Dagmara Weckowska, 2014. "Triple Helix indicators as an emergent area of enquiry: a bibliometric perspective," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 99(1), pages 151-174, April.
    12. Rakas, Marija & Hain, Daniel S., 2019. "The state of innovation system research: What happens beneath the surface?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(9), pages 1-1.

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