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A network agent-based model of ethnocentrism and intergroup cooperation

Author

Listed:
  • Carlos M. Lemos

    (University of Agder)

  • Ross J. Gore

    (Old Dominion University)

  • Laurence Lessard-Phillips

    (University of Birmingham)

  • F. LeRon Shults

    (University of Agder
    Center for Modeling Social Systems at NORCE)

Abstract

We present a network agent-based model of ethnocentrism and intergroup cooperation in which agents from two groups (majority and minority) change their communality (feeling of group solidarity), cooperation strategy and social ties, depending on a barrier of “likeness” (affinity). Our purpose was to study the model’s capability for describing how the mechanisms of preexisting markers (or “tags”) that can work as cues for inducing in-group bias, imitation, and reaction to non-cooperating agents, lead to ethnocentrism or intergroup cooperation and influence the formation of the network of mixed ties between agents of different groups. We explored the model’s behavior via four experiments in which we studied the combined effects of “likeness,” relative size of the minority group, degree of connectivity of the social network, game difficulty (strength) and relative frequencies of strategy revision and structural adaptation. The parameters that have a stronger influence on the emerging dominant strategies and the formation of mixed ties in the social network are the group-tag barrier, the frequency with which agents react to adverse partners, and the game difficulty. The relative size of the minority group also plays a role in increasing the percentage of mixed ties in the social network. This is consistent with the intergroup ties being dependent on the “arena” of contact (with progressively stronger barriers from e.g. workmates to close relatives), and with measures that hinder intergroup contact also hindering mutual cooperation.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos M. Lemos & Ross J. Gore & Laurence Lessard-Phillips & F. LeRon Shults, 2020. "A network agent-based model of ethnocentrism and intergroup cooperation," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 54(2), pages 463-489, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:qualqt:v:54:y:2020:i:2:d:10.1007_s11135-019-00856-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s11135-019-00856-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ahmed, Ali M., 2007. "Group identity, social distance and intergroup bias," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 28(3), pages 324-337, June.
    2. Hisashi Ohtsuki & Christoph Hauert & Erez Lieberman & Martin A. Nowak, 2006. "A simple rule for the evolution of cooperation on graphs and social networks," Nature, Nature, vol. 441(7092), pages 502-505, May.
    3. Thiele, Jan C, 2014. "R Marries NetLogo: Introduction to the RNetLogo Package," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 58(i02).
    4. Fernando P Santos & Francisco C Santos & Jorge M Pacheco, 2016. "Social Norms of Cooperation in Small-Scale Societies," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(1), pages 1-13, January.
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