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Two-step QCA revisited: the necessity of context conditions

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  • Carsten Q. Schneider

    (Central European University (CEU))

Abstract

The so-called two-step QCA approach as formulated by Schneider and Wagemann (Eur J Polit Res 45(5):751–786, 2006) proposes a separation of conditions into two distinct groups—remote and proximate—and to analyze the impact of these conditions on the outcome in a stepwise manner. While the general logic of the two-step protocol seems to resonate with a broad range of scholars, it, so far, has been only rarely (successfully) applied. This paper argues that this discrepancy between theory and practice is due to the ill-defined nature of the first step. Schneider and Wagemann propose step 1 to be an analysis of inconsistent sufficiency. This has always stood on shaky set-relational grounds. I therefore argue that the first of the two steps in the protocol should be redefined as an analysis of necessity and only step 2 understood as an analysis of sufficiency. While already implicit in its original formulation, this crucial feature of the two-step QCA approach has largely been overlooked. This paper proposes an updated two-step QCA approach that rests on recent innovations in set methods and spells out the advantages of this new protocol.

Suggested Citation

  • Carsten Q. Schneider, 2019. "Two-step QCA revisited: the necessity of context conditions," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 53(3), pages 1109-1126, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:qualqt:v:53:y:2019:i:3:d:10.1007_s11135-018-0805-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s11135-018-0805-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eva Thomann & Anita Manatschal, 2016. "Identifying context and cause in small-N settings: a comparative multilevel analysis," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 49(3), pages 335-348, September.
    2. Ragin, Charles C., 2000. "Fuzzy-Set Social Science," University of Chicago Press Economics Books, University of Chicago Press, edition 1, number 9780226702773, December.
    3. Ragin, Charles C., 2006. "Set Relations in Social Research: Evaluating Their Consistency and Coverage," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 14(3), pages 291-310, July.
    4. Schneider, Carsten Q., 2018. "Realists and Idealists in QCA," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 26(2), pages 246-254, April.
    5. Eva Thomann & Anita Manatschal, 2016. "Erratum to: Identifying context and cause in small-N settings: a comparative multilevel analysis," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 49(3), pages 349-350, September.
    6. Barry Cooper & Judith Glaesser, 2016. "Analysing necessity and sufficiency with Qualitative Comparative Analysis: how do results vary as case weights change?," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 50(1), pages 327-346, January.
    7. repec:ucp:bkecon:9780226702766 is not listed on IDEAS
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