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Is the gap widening among universities? On research output inequality and its measurement in the Korean higher education system

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  • Joonha Jeon

    (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)

  • So Young Kim

    (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)

Abstract

This study examines whether the inequality between universities is increasing in terms of research output, in the context of the New Public Management (NPM) regime based higher education reform in South Korea. Recent reforms in higher education sectors around the world illustrate a number of characteristics of NPM, with performance-based funding standing out among others. Performance-based funding has brought up several concerns, especially with unintended consequences of the reforms such as a widening gap in the research activities of universities. We provide an exploratory case study of the South Korean higher education system where performance-based funding programs are rampant, using a novel panel dataset comprised of all the general four-year universities (n = 184) in 2009–2015. The descriptive analysis of the temporal trend of research output inequality among universities shows that the answer of whether the gap is widening or not depends greatly on the use of indices of inequality. We report the conflicting results between the ‘relative’ and ‘absolute’ inequality index when applied to the dataset. Our findings are followed by the discussion on the measurements of inequality and their axioms regarding the institutional Matthew effect, suggesting more consideration on the nature of the data and the context.

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  • Joonha Jeon & So Young Kim, 2018. "Is the gap widening among universities? On research output inequality and its measurement in the Korean higher education system," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 52(2), pages 589-606, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:qualqt:v:52:y:2018:i:2:d:10.1007_s11135-017-0652-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s11135-017-0652-y
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    1. Biao Chen & Yan Chen & Yajing Sun & Yu Tong & Ling Liu, 2024. "The measurement, level, and influence of resource allocation efficiency in universities: empirical evidence from 13 “double first class” universities in China," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Mehmet Pinar, 2023. "Do research performances of universities and disciplines in England converge or diverge? An assessment of the progress between research excellence frameworks in 2014 and 2021," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 128(10), pages 5731-5766, October.
    3. Kim Holmberg & Han Woo Park, 2018. "An altmetric investigation of the online visibility of South Korea-based scientific journals," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 117(1), pages 603-613, October.
    4. Pieter E. Stek, 2020. "Mapping high R&D city-regions worldwide: a patent heat map approach," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 54(1), pages 279-296, February.
    5. Banal-Estañol, Albert & Jofre-Bonet, Mireia & Iori, Giulia & Maynou, Laia & Tumminello, Michele & Vassallo, Pietro, 2023. "Performance-based research funding: Evidence from the largest natural experiment worldwide," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(6).

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