IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/qualqt/v51y2017i4d10.1007_s11135-016-0362-x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

War economy and pleasure: assessing the effects of military expenditure on tourism growth

Author

Listed:
  • Abdelmohsen A. Nassani

    (King Saud University)

  • Khalid Zaman

    (Abbottabad University of Science and Technology)

  • Abdullah Mohammed Aldakhil

    (King Saud University)

  • Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi Abro

    (King Saud University)

Abstract

The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between military factors and international tourism indicators in the panel of 18 tourists and non tourists-oriented countries, over the period of 1995–2014. The results are robust by using the several panels econometric techniques including Hausman test for model specifications, panel random effect model and panel generalized method of moments estimations. The results show that arms export and military expenditures both significantly correlated with the international tourism indicators, while per capita GDP increases international tourism expenditures and it decreases international tourism receipts. The gross fixed capital formation and health care expenditures increase international tourism indicators while the incidence of tuberculosis affected the international tourism receipts in the region. Energy intensity although supports the international tourism growth, however, it does not uphold the international tourism receipts. The results confirm the bidirectional causality between international tourism indicators and domestic investment (and healthcare expenditures), while there is a unidirectional causality running from international tourism expenditures to arms export, from tourism expenditures to military spending, and from tourism growth to per capita income. The tourism led growth hypothesis and tourism induced military expenditures calls for the desirable policy attention in the region.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdelmohsen A. Nassani & Khalid Zaman & Abdullah Mohammed Aldakhil & Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi Abro, 2017. "War economy and pleasure: assessing the effects of military expenditure on tourism growth," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 51(4), pages 1733-1754, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:qualqt:v:51:y:2017:i:4:d:10.1007_s11135-016-0362-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s11135-016-0362-x
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11135-016-0362-x
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11135-016-0362-x?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lee, Chew Ging, 2010. "Health care and tourism: Evidence from Singapore," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 31(4), pages 486-488.
    2. Ozturk, Ilhan, 2015. "Sustainability in the food-energy-water nexus: Evidence from BRICS (Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China, and South Africa) countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P1), pages 999-1010.
    3. Mete Feridun & Muhammad Shahbaz, 2010. "Fighting Terrorism: Are Military Measures Effective? Empirical Evidence From Turkey," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(2), pages 193-205.
    4. Brida, Juan Gabriel & Pereyra, Juan S. & Risso, Wiston Adrián & Devesa, María Jesús Such & Aguirre, Sandra Zapata, 2008. "The Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis: Empirical Evidence from Colombia," MPRA Paper 25286, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 19 Mar 2009.
    5. World Bank, 2014. "World Development Indicators 2014," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 18237.
    6. Pérez-Rodríguez, Jorge V. & Ledesma-Rodríguez, Francisco & Santana-Gallego, María, 2015. "Testing dependence between GDP and tourism's growth rates," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 268-282.
    7. Maria Santa-Gallego, Jaume Rosello-Nadal and Johan Fourie, 2016. "The effects of terrorism, crime and corruption on tourist arrivals," Working Papers 595, Economic Research Southern Africa.
    8. Ramesh Durbarry, 2004. "Tourism and Economic Growth: The Case of Mauritius," Tourism Economics, , vol. 10(4), pages 389-401, December.
    9. Mehmood, Shafaqat & Ahmad, Zahid & Khan, Ather Azim, 2016. "Dynamic relationships between tourist arrivals, immigrants, and crimes in the United States," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 383-392.
    10. Pratt, Stephen, 2015. "The economic impact of tourism in SIDS," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 148-160.
    11. Johan Galtung, 1969. "Violence, Peace, and Peace Research," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 6(3), pages 167-191, September.
    12. Po, Wan-Chen & Huang, Bwo-Nung, 2008. "Tourism development and economic growth–a nonlinear approach," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 387(22), pages 5535-5542.
    13. Zaman, Khalid & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Loganathan, Nanthakumar & Raza, Syed Ali, 2016. "Tourism development, energy consumption and Environmental Kuznets Curve: Trivariate analysis in the panel of developed and developing countries," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 275-283.
    14. Anis Omri & Mohamed Shahbaz & Anissa Chaibi & Christophe Rault, 2015. "A panel analysis of the effects of oil consumption, international tourism, environmental quality and political instability on economic growth in MENA region," Working Papers 2015-613, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
    15. Jackman M.M., 2012. "Revisiting The Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis For Barbados: A Disaggregated Market Approach," Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 12(2).
    16. Taotao Deng & Mulan Ma & Jianhua Cao, 2014. "Tourism Resource Development and Long-Term Economic Growth: A Resource Curse Hypothesis Approach," Tourism Economics, , vol. 20(5), pages 923-938, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Asongu, Simplice A & Odhiambo, Nicholas M, 2023. "Military Expenditure, Policy Syndromes and Tourism in the World," Working Papers 30041, University of South Africa, Department of Economics.
    2. Ilhan Ozturk & Arshian Sharif & Danish Iqbal Godil & Adnan Yousuf & Iram Tahir, 2023. "The Dynamic Nexus Between International Tourism and Environmental Degradation in Top Twenty Tourist Destinations: New Insights From Quantile-on-Quantile Approach," Evaluation Review, , vol. 47(3), pages 532-562, June.
    3. Luke Emeka Okafor & Usman Khalid, 2021. "Regaining international tourism attractiveness after an armed conflict: the role of security spending," Current Issues in Tourism, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(3), pages 385-402, February.
    4. Muhammad Athar Nadeem & Zhiying Liu & Yi Xu & Kishwar Nawaz & Muhammad Yousaf Malik & Amna Younis, 2020. "Impacts of terrorism, governance structure, military expenditures and infrastructures upon tourism: empirical evidence from an emerging economy," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 10(1), pages 185-206, March.
    5. Usman Khalid & Luke Emeka Okafor & Nusrate Aziz, 2020. "Armed conflict, military expenditure and international tourism," Tourism Economics, , vol. 26(4), pages 555-577, June.
    6. Choudhary, Sheraz Ahmad & Khan, Muhammad Azhar & Sheikh, Abdullah Zafar & Jabor, Mohd Khata & Nordin, Mohd Safarin bin & Nassani, Abdelmohsen A. & Alotaibi, Saad M. & Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi & V, 2020. "Role of information and communication technologies on the war against terrorism and on the development of tourism: Evidence from a panel of 28 countries," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Ferrer, Román & Kumar, Ronald Ravinesh, 2017. "Tourism-led growth hypothesis in the top ten tourist destinations: New evidence using the quantile-on-quantile approach," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 223-232.
    2. Chien-Ming Wang & Tsung-Pao Wu, 2022. "Does tourism promote or reduce environmental pollution? Evidence from major tourist arrival countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 3334-3355, March.
    3. Hasan Murat Ertugrul & Fatih Mangir, 2015. "The tourism-led growth hypothesis: empirical evidence from Turkey," Current Issues in Tourism, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(7), pages 633-646, July.
    4. Chor Foon Tang & Salah Abosedra, 2016. "Tourism and growth in Lebanon: new evidence from bootstrap simulation and rolling causality approaches," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 50(2), pages 679-696, March.
    5. Jun Zhang & Li Cheng, 2019. "Threshold Effect of Tourism Development on Economic Growth Following a Disaster Shock: Evidence from the Wenchuan Earthquake, P.R. China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-22, January.
    6. Nikeel Kumar & Ronald Ravinesh Kumar & Radika Kumar & Peter Josef Stauvermann, 2020. "Is the tourism–growth relationship asymmetric in the Cook Islands? Evidence from NARDL cointegration and causality tests," Tourism Economics, , vol. 26(4), pages 658-681, June.
    7. Asongu, Simplice & Acha-Anyi, Paul, 2019. "Global Tourism and Waves of Terror: Perspectives from Military Expenditure," MPRA Paper 101793, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Zaman, Khalid & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Loganathan, Nanthakumar & Raza, Syed Ali, 2016. "Tourism development, energy consumption and Environmental Kuznets Curve: Trivariate analysis in the panel of developed and developing countries," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 275-283.
    9. Saidi Kais & Ben Mbarek Mounir, 2017. "Causal interactions between environmental degradation, renewable energy, nuclear energy and real GDP: a dynamic panel data approach," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 37(1), pages 51-67, March.
    10. Andreas G. Georgantopoulos, 2013. "Tourism Expansion and Economic Development: Var/Vecm Analysis and Forecasts for the Case of India," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 3(4), pages 464-482, April.
    11. Jorge Ridderstaat & Robertico Croes & Peter Nijkamp, 2013. "Modelling Tourism Development and Long-run Economic Growth in Aruba," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 13-145/VIII, Tinbergen Institute.
    12. Herman Sahni & Christian Nsiah & Bichaka Fayissa, 2021. "The African economic growth experience and tourism receipts: A threshold analysis and quantile regression approach," Tourism Economics, , vol. 27(5), pages 915-932, August.
    13. Syed Abdul Rehman Khan & Danish Iqbal Godil & Zhang Yu & Farwa Abbas & Muhammad Asif Shamim, 2022. "Adoption of renewable energy sources, low‐carbon initiatives, and advanced logistical infrastructure—an step toward integrated global progress," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(1), pages 275-288, February.
    14. Sadia Bano & Mehtab Alam & Anwar Khan & Lu Liu, 2021. "The nexus of tourism, renewable energy, income, and environmental quality: an empirical analysis of Pakistan," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(10), pages 14854-14877, October.
    15. Brida, Juan Gabriel & Pereyra, Juan Sebastián & Such, María Jesús & Pulina, Manuela, 2011. "Causalidad entre turismo y crecimiento económico de largo plazo: una revisión crítica de la literatura econométrica [Causality between tourism and long-term economic growth: a critical review of th," MPRA Paper 37332, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2011.
    16. Sheilla Nyasha & Nicholas M. Odhiambo & Simplice A. Asongu, 2021. "The Impact of Tourism Development on Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 33(6), pages 1514-1535, December.
    17. Wu, Po-Chin & Liu, Shiao-Yen & Hsiao, Juei-Ming & Huang, Tsai-Yuan, 2016. "Nonlinear and time-varying growth-tourism causality," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 45-59.
    18. Osinubi, Tolulope Temilola & Osinubi , Olufemi Bankole, 2020. "Inclusive Growth in Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis: Evidence from Nigeria," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 8(2), July.
    19. Ozturk, Ilhan, 2017. "The dynamic relationship between agricultural sustainability and food-energy-water poverty in a panel of selected Sub-Saharan African Countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 289-299.
    20. Oscar Claveria & Enric Monte & Salvador Torra, 2017. "“Regional tourism demand forecasting with machine learning models: Gaussian process regression vs. neural network models in a multiple-input multiple-output setting”," AQR Working Papers 201701, University of Barcelona, Regional Quantitative Analysis Group, revised Jan 2017.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:qualqt:v:51:y:2017:i:4:d:10.1007_s11135-016-0362-x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.