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Role of information and communication technologies on the war against terrorism and on the development of tourism: Evidence from a panel of 28 countries

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  • Choudhary, Sheraz Ahmad
  • Khan, Muhammad Azhar
  • Sheikh, Abdullah Zafar
  • Jabor, Mohd Khata
  • Nordin, Mohd Safarin bin
  • Nassani, Abdelmohsen A.
  • Alotaibi, Saad M.
  • Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi
  • Vo, Xuan Vinh
  • Zaman, Khalid

Abstract

This study aims to examine the dynamic relationships among information and communication technologies (ICTs), international tourism, and terrorism in 28 countries from 1998 to 2016. Three weighted indices were constructed to gather the following factors: i) “war against terrorism” by military factors, ii) ICTs by different communication technologies, and iii) tourism demand by tourism factors. Results confirmed that the potential determinants of the war against terrorism include computer and communication services, secure Internet servers, per capita income, and trade openness. The key factors of ICT development are armed forces personnel, arms imports, military expenditures, per capita income, and trade openness, which can be effectively utilized for the war on terrorism across countries. Per capita income, trade, foreign direct investment inflows, and military expenditures substantially increased inbound tourism, whereas tourism demand increased computer and communication services, Internet users, and trade openness. Results also showed that armed forces personnel, arms imports, and growth-specific factors substantially increased tourism receipts, whereas high military expenditures decreased tourism income. These findings offer useful policy implications. One key conclusion drawn from this study is that ICTs play a potentially vital role in supporting the war against terrorism and the development of tourism across countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Choudhary, Sheraz Ahmad & Khan, Muhammad Azhar & Sheikh, Abdullah Zafar & Jabor, Mohd Khata & Nordin, Mohd Safarin bin & Nassani, Abdelmohsen A. & Alotaibi, Saad M. & Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi & V, 2020. "Role of information and communication technologies on the war against terrorism and on the development of tourism: Evidence from a panel of 28 countries," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:teinso:v:62:y:2020:i:c:s0160791x19305263
    DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101296
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    7. Chien-Chiang Lee & Mei-Ping Chen & Wenmin Wu & Wenwu Xing, 2021. "The impacts of ICTs on tourism development: International evidence based on a panel quantile approach," Information Technology & Tourism, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 509-547, December.
    8. Song, Jacques Simon & Yamben, Michel Freddy Harry & Atanga, Donald Ferdinand Okere, 2024. "Security fragility in developing countries: Do ICT matter?," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 259-280.

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