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Understanding Power Anomalies in Mediation Analysis

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  • Kai Wang

    (The University of Iowa)

Abstract

Previous studies have found some puzzling power anomalies related to testing the indirect effect of a mediator. The power for the indirect effect stagnates and even declines as the size of the indirect effect increases. Furthermore, the power for the indirect effect can be much higher than the power for the total effect in a model where there is no direct effect and therefore the indirect effect is of the same magnitude as the total effect. In the presence of direct effect, the power for the indirect effect is often much higher than the power for the direct effect even when these two effects are of the same magnitude. In this study, the limiting distributions of related statistics and their non-centralities are derived. Computer simulations are conducted to demonstrate their validity. These theoretical results are used to explain the observed anomalies.

Suggested Citation

  • Kai Wang, 2018. "Understanding Power Anomalies in Mediation Analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 83(2), pages 387-406, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:psycho:v:83:y:2018:i:2:d:10.1007_s11336-017-9598-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s11336-017-9598-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xinshu Zhao & John G. Lynch & Qimei Chen, 2010. "Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and Truths about Mediation Analysis," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 37(2), pages 197-206, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Oliver Hines & Stijn Vansteelandt & Karla Diaz-Ordaz, 2021. "Robust Inference for Mediated Effects in Partially Linear Models," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 86(2), pages 595-618, June.
    2. Haoran Xue & Wei Pan, 2020. "Inferring causal direction between two traits in the presence of horizontal pleiotropy with GWAS summary data," PLOS Genetics, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(11), pages 1-30, November.

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