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New constraints on coseismic slip during southern Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes over the past 4600 years implied by tsunami deposits and marine turbidites

Author

Listed:
  • George R. Priest

    (Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Newport Coastal Field Office)

  • Robert C. Witter

    (U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center)

  • Yinglong J. Zhang

    (Virginia Institute of Marine Science)

  • Chris Goldfinger

    (Oregon State University)

  • Kelin Wang

    (Geological Survey of Canada, Pacific Geoscience Centre)

  • Jonathan C. Allan

    (Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Newport Coastal Field Office)

Abstract

Forecasting earthquake and tsunami hazards along the southern Cascadia subduction zone is complicated by uncertainties in the amount of megathrust fault slip during past ruptures. Here, we estimate slip on hypothetical ruptures of the southern part of the megathrust through comparisons of late Holocene Cascadia earthquake histories derived from tsunami deposits on land and marine turbidites offshore. Bradley Lake in southern Oregon lies ~600 m landward of the shoreline and contains deposits from 12 tsunamis in the past 4600 years. Tsunami simulations that overtop the 6-m-high lake outlet, generated by ruptures with most slip south of Cape Blanco, require release of at least as much strain on the megathrust as would accumulate in 430–640 years (>15–22 m). Such high slip is inconsistent with global seismic data for a rupture ~300-km long and slip deficits over the past ~4700 years on the southern Cascadia subduction zone. Assuming slip deficits accumulated during the time intervals between marine turbidites, up to 8 of 12 tsunami inundations at the lake are predicted from a marine core site 170 km north of the lake (at Hydrate Ridge) compared to 4 of 12 when using a core site ~80 km south (at Rogue Apron). Longer time intervals between turbidites at Hydrate Ridge imply larger slip deficits compared to Rogue Apron. The different inundations predicted by the two records suggest that Hydrate Ridge records subduction ruptures that extend past both Rogue Apron and Bradley Lake. We also show how turbidite-based estimates of CSZ rupture length relate to tsunami source scenarios for probabilistic tsunami hazard assessments consistent with lake inundations over the last ~4600 years.

Suggested Citation

  • George R. Priest & Robert C. Witter & Yinglong J. Zhang & Chris Goldfinger & Kelin Wang & Jonathan C. Allan, 2017. "New constraints on coseismic slip during southern Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes over the past 4600 years implied by tsunami deposits and marine turbidites," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 88(1), pages 285-313, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:88:y:2017:i:1:d:10.1007_s11069-017-2864-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-017-2864-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Oecd, 2011. "Executive Summary," OECD Journal on Budgeting, OECD Publishing, vol. 11(2).
    2. George Priest & Chris Goldfinger & Kelin Wang & Robert Witter & Yinglong Zhang & António Baptista, 2010. "Confidence levels for tsunami-inundation limits in northern Oregon inferred from a 10,000-year history of great earthquakes at the Cascadia subduction zone," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 54(1), pages 27-73, July.
    3. Unknown, 2011. "Summaries-List IV," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 66(3), pages 1-2.
    4. George Priest & Yinglong Zhang & Robert Witter & Kelin Wang & Chris Goldfinger & Laura Stimely, 2014. "Tsunami impact to Washington and northern Oregon from segment ruptures on the southern Cascadia subduction zone," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 72(2), pages 849-870, June.
    5. Unknown, 2011. "Summaries-List II," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 66(3), pages 1-4.
    6. Unknown, 2011. "Summaries-List III," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 66(3), pages 1-2.
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