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Human instability related to drowning risk in surf zones for novice beachgoers or weak swimmers

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  • Daniel M. Hanes

    (Saint Louis University)

Abstract

This paper provides qualitative descriptions of the physical mechanisms that can cause human instability in surf zones, where human instability is considered the loss of solid contact between an individual’s feet and the seabed. The forces resulting from the combination of waves and currents typical in surf zones present a hazard to novice beachgoers and weak swimmers that is often not recognized by those individuals. A conservative “rule of thumb” is that the deepest water a novice beachgoer should reach, even during the passage of wave crests, is a depth that only reaches the persons thigh, that is, between the knee and the waste.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel M. Hanes, 2016. "Human instability related to drowning risk in surf zones for novice beachgoers or weak swimmers," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 83(1), pages 761-766, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:83:y:2016:i:1:d:10.1007_s11069-016-2337-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-016-2337-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ben R. Van Leeuwen & R. Jak McCarroll & Robert W. Brander & Ian L. Turner & Hannah E. Power & Anthony J. Bradstreet, 2016. "Examining rip current escape strategies in non-traditional beach morphologies," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 81(1), pages 145-165, March.
    2. R. McCarroll & Robert Brander & Jamie MacMahan & Ian Turner & Ad Reniers & Jenna Brown & Anthony Bradstreet & Shauna Sherker, 2014. "Evaluation of swimmer-based rip current escape strategies," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 71(3), pages 1821-1846, April.
    3. S. Jonkman & J. Vrijling & A. Vrouwenvelder, 2008. "Methods for the estimation of loss of life due to floods: a literature review and a proposal for a new method," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 46(3), pages 353-389, September.
    4. Victor Gensini & Walker Ashley, 2010. "An examination of rip current fatalities in the United States," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 54(1), pages 159-175, July.
    5. Ben Van Leeuwen & R. McCarroll & Robert Brander & Ian Turner & Hannah Power & Anthony Bradstreet, 2016. "Examining rip current escape strategies in non-traditional beach morphologies," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 81(1), pages 145-165, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sabri Alkan & Uğur Karadurmuş, 2023. "Risk assessment of natural and other hazard factors on drowning incidents in Turkey," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 118(3), pages 2459-2475, September.
    2. Kathleen M. Fallon & Qing Lai & Stephen P. Leatherman, 2018. "Rip current literacy of beachgoers at Miami Beach, Florida," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 90(2), pages 601-621, January.

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