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Storm surge damage to residential areas: a quantitative analysis for Hurricane Sandy in comparison with FEMA flood map

Author

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  • Siyuan Xian
  • Ning Lin
  • Adam Hatzikyriakou

Abstract

A quantitative assessment of storm surge damage is used to analyze structural vulnerability and evaluate the performance of flood risk mapping by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Using a survey of about 380 structures in heavily impacted Ortley Beach, New Jersey, following Hurricane Sandy (2012), we first assess component-level damage to each side and story of a structure based on a percentage scale. For each structure, these physical damage percentages are then integrated into a single indicator of overall damage—the economic loss ratio. These performance assessments are combined with building information to develop an integrated Geographic Information System database. This detailed database allows for a quantitative analysis of damage features and causes. Damage at the overall, story, side, and component levels all decrease as the distance to the coast increases, with most severely damaged houses concentrated in a near-shore region. Despite being heavily damaged however, this region was assessed as a low-risk zone according to FEMA’s current flood risk map. In contrast, a neighboring inland region which experienced significantly less damage was assigned as a high-risk zone. The preliminary new FEMA flood map for the area is improved by increasing the risk category for the near-shore region, but the fundamental problem, likely induced by insufficient wave modeling, needs to be addressed further. This study demonstrates a method of quantitatively assessing and documenting storm surge damage and applying the damage information to evaluate flood risk maps. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015

Suggested Citation

  • Siyuan Xian & Ning Lin & Adam Hatzikyriakou, 2015. "Storm surge damage to residential areas: a quantitative analysis for Hurricane Sandy in comparison with FEMA flood map," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 79(3), pages 1867-1888, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:79:y:2015:i:3:p:1867-1888
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-015-1937-x
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Adam Hatzikyriakou & Ning Lin, 2017. "Simulating storm surge waves for structural vulnerability estimation and flood hazard mapping," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 89(2), pages 939-962, November.
    2. André Furtado & Hugo Rodrigues & António Arêde & Fernanda Rodrigues & Humberto Varum, 2022. "Interactions between Seismic Safety and Energy Efficiency for Masonry Infill Walls: A Shift of the Paradigm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-29, April.
    3. Box-Couillard, Sebastien & Xu, Yilan, 2022. "The Effect of Flood Insurance on Property Values after a Flood," 2022 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Anaheim, California 322191, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    4. Hatzikyriakou, Adam & Lin, Ning, 2017. "Impact of performance interdependencies on structural vulnerability: A systems perspective of storm surge risk to coastal residential communities," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 106-116.
    5. Soroush Kouhi & M. Reza Hashemi & Malcolm Spaulding & Tetsu Hara, 2022. "Modeling the impact of sea level rise on maximum water elevation during storm surge events: a closer look at coastal embayments," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 171(3), pages 1-20, April.
    6. Mariamawit Borga & Burak F. Tanyu & Celso M. Ferreira & Juan L. Garzon & Michael Onufrychuk, 2017. "A geospatial framework to estimate depth of scour under buildings due to storm surge in coastal areas," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 87(3), pages 1285-1311, July.

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