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Drought assessment in the Dhar and Mewat Districts of India using meteorological, hydrological and remote-sensing derived indices

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  • R. Sahoo
  • Dipanwita Dutta
  • M. Khanna
  • N. Kumar
  • S. Bandyopadhyay

Abstract

Several drought indices have been developed during the past decades for monitoring the onset, duration and intensity of drought in different agro-climatic regions. The present study attempts to monitor drought in two underprivileged districts, i.e., Mewat of Haryana and Dhar of Madhya Pradesh state of India, using the remote-sensing-derived Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), meteorological-based Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and hydrological-based Standardized Water Level Index (SWI). The time series SPOT VGT NDVI data of the rain-fed crop season (kharif) were used for a 13-year period (1998–2010) to assess the long-term vegetation conditions and compare with the meteorological and hydrological based drought indices. It was observed that the NDVI profile of the crop-growing season was remarkably shifted and shortened during drought years, indicating a delay in crop sowing. A detailed spatiotemporal analysis of drought dynamics was carried out using the VCI, which revealed the occurrence of a severe drought in Mewat and Dhar during the year 2002 and 2008, respectively. The correlation coefficient obtained between the VCI and SPI in Dhar (r = 0.55) and Mewat (r = 0.74) shows good agreement between satellite-derived and meteorological drought indices. However, it is also noteworthy that the correlation coefficient between the VCI and SPI is mainly region specific and varies with timescale. In spite of good agreement between these two indices during severe drought years, the drought estimates were found non-analogous during the years with moderate drought. The study also shows that hydrological drought may not correspond with agricultural drought in every year. There is an increasing tendency in both the pre- and post-monsoon SWI indicating a gradual increase in aquifer stress in the region. Although the years with distinct agricultural drought agree with the meteorological drought years, they do not correspond with hydrological drought in most of the years. However, the VCI based on real-time satellite data can be used for drought early warning, and thus it can be helpful for policy makers to reduce the adverse impact of drought. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015

Suggested Citation

  • R. Sahoo & Dipanwita Dutta & M. Khanna & N. Kumar & S. Bandyopadhyay, 2015. "Drought assessment in the Dhar and Mewat Districts of India using meteorological, hydrological and remote-sensing derived indices," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 77(2), pages 733-751, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:77:y:2015:i:2:p:733-751
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-015-1623-z
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    1. Thenkabail, Prasad Srinivas & Gamage, M. S. D. Nilantha & Smakhtin, Vladimir U., 2004. "The use of remote sensing data for drought assessment and monitoring in southwest Asia," IWMI Research Reports H035615, International Water Management Institute.
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    3. Arnab Kundu & N. R. Patel & S. K. Saha & Dipanwita Dutta, 2017. "Desertification in western Rajasthan (India): an assessment using remote sensing derived rain-use efficiency and residual trend methods," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 86(1), pages 297-313, March.
    4. Manish Kumar Goyal & Ashutosh Sharma, 2016. "A fuzzy c-means approach regionalization for analysis of meteorological drought homogeneous regions in western India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 84(3), pages 1831-1847, December.
    5. V. K. Prajapati & M. Khanna & M. Singh & R. Kaur & R. N. Sahoo & D. K. Singh, 2021. "Evaluation of time scale of meteorological, hydrological and agricultural drought indices," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 109(1), pages 89-109, October.
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