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Response of west Indian coastal regions and Kavaratti lagoon to the November-2009 tropical cyclone Phyan

Author

Listed:
  • Antony Joseph
  • R. Prabhudesai
  • Prakash Mehra
  • V. Sanil Kumar
  • K. Radhakrishnan
  • Vijay Kumar
  • K. Ashok Kumar
  • Yogesh Agarwadekar
  • U. Bhat
  • Ryan Luis
  • Pradhan Rivankar
  • Blossom Viegas

Abstract

Response of the coastal regions of eastern Arabian Sea (AS) and Kavaratti Island lagoon in the AS to the tropical cyclonic storm `Phyan’, which developed in winter in the south-eastern AS and swept northward along the eastern AS during 9–12 November 2009 until its landfall at the northwest coast of India, is examined based on in situ and satellite-derived measurements. Wind was predominantly south/south-westerly and the maximum wind speed (U 10 ) of ~16 m/s occurred at Kavaratti Island region followed by ~8 m/s at Dwarka (Gujarat) and ~7 m/s at Diu (located south of Dwarka) as well as two southwest Indian coastal locations (Mangalore and Malpe). All other west Indian coastal sites recorded maximum wind speed of ~5–6 m/s. Gust factor (i.e., gust-to-speed ratio) during peak storm event was highly variable with respect to topography, with steep hilly stations (Karwar and Ratnagiri) and proximate thick and tall vegetation-rich site (Kochi) exhibiting large values (~6), whereas Island station (Kavaratti) exhibiting ~1 (indicating consistently steady wind). Rainfall in association with Phyan was temporally scattered, with the highest 24-h accumulated precipitation (~60 mm) at Karwar and ~45 mm at several other west Indian coastal sites. Impact of Phyan on the west Indian coastal regions was manifested in terms of intensified significant waves (~2.2 m at Karwar and Panaji), sea surface cooling (~5°C at Calicut), and moderate surge (~50 cm at Verem, Goa). The surface waves were south-westerly and the peak wave period (T p ) shortened from ~10–17 s to ~5–10 s during Phyan, indicating their transition from the long-period `swell’ to the short-period `sea’. Reduction in the spread of the mean wave period (T z ) from ~5–10 s to a steady period of ~6 s was another manifestation of the influence of the cyclone on the surface wave field. Several factors such as (1) water piling-up at the coast supported by south/south-westerly wind and seaward flow of the excess water in the rivers due to heavy rains, (2) reduction of piling-up at the coast, supported by the upstream penetration of seawater into the rivers, and (3) possible interaction of upstream flow with river run-off, together resulted in the observed moderate surge at the west Indian coast. Despite the intense wind forcing, Kavaratti Island lagoon experienced insignificantly weak surge (~7 cm) because of lack of river influx and absence of a sufficiently large land boundary required for the generation and sustenance of wave/wind-driven water mass piling-up at the land–sea interface. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011

Suggested Citation

  • Antony Joseph & R. Prabhudesai & Prakash Mehra & V. Sanil Kumar & K. Radhakrishnan & Vijay Kumar & K. Ashok Kumar & Yogesh Agarwadekar & U. Bhat & Ryan Luis & Pradhan Rivankar & Blossom Viegas, 2011. "Response of west Indian coastal regions and Kavaratti lagoon to the November-2009 tropical cyclone Phyan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 57(2), pages 293-312, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:57:y:2011:i:2:p:293-312
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-010-9613-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Prakash Sinha & Indu Jain & Neetu Bhardwaj & Ambarukhana Rao & Shishir Dube, 2008. "Numerical modeling of tide-surge interaction along Orissa coast of India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 45(3), pages 413-427, June.
    2. Donald Resio & Jennifer Irish & Mary Cialone, 2009. "A surge response function approach to coastal hazard assessment – part 1: basic concepts," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 51(1), pages 163-182, October.
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    1. K. Vinod Kumar & V. Aboobacker & P. Saheed & P. Vethamony, 2012. "Coastal circulation along the central west coast of India during cyclone Phyan: measurements and numerical simulations," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 64(1), pages 259-271, October.

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