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Socio-ecological vulnerability and resilience of mountain communities residing in capital-constrained environments

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  • Shashidhar Kumar Jha

    (Hemvati Nandan Garhwal (A Central) University)

  • A. K. Negi

    (Hemvati Nandan Garhwal (A Central) University)

  • Juha M. Alatalo

    (Qatar University)

  • R. S. Negi

    (Hemvati Nandan Garhwal (A Central) University)

Abstract

The study evaluated perceived reactions and counter-actions of Himalayan communities to climate change. The evaluation was conducted through identification and characterization of 62 socio-environment-specific indicators in three altitude zones ( 1800 m asl (zone C)) in Pauri district, Uttarakhand, India, using a bottom-up, indicator-based approach. Indicators with higher significance for the local economy, livelihoods, or conservation were selected and assimilated into dimensions of vulnerability and resilience. Finally, these were integrated into a sustainable livelihood framework in an approach intended to calculate vulnerability and resilience jointly. The results indicated that the vulnerability and resilience of the mountain communities studied varied widely along the altitude gradient, due to variations in socioeconomic profile, livelihood requirements, resource availability, accessibility, and utilization pattern, and climate risk. The overall values for vulnerability (exposure + sensitivity−adaptive capacity) and resilience (exposure + sensitivity−restorative capacity) were, respectively, 0.34 and 0.28 in zone A, 0.54 and 0.37 in zone B, and 0.65 and 0.59 in zone C. There was a significant difference in contribution of indicators to vulnerability and resilience along the altitudinal gradient was recorded. Strategies for dealing with site-specific vulnerability are required and should address bottlenecks in accessibility and availability of food, water, and healthcare; sustainable utilization of forest resources; educational attainment and skill enhancement; and migration. These results extend current knowledge among the research community and policymakers on socio-ecological changes affecting mountain communities. To reduce the policy level gap between bottom-up and top-down approaches, we suggest precautionary and ongoing site-specific traditional practices and modern adaptation practices, leading to effective and efficient handling of local issues in the context of climate change.

Suggested Citation

  • Shashidhar Kumar Jha & A. K. Negi & Juha M. Alatalo & R. S. Negi, 2021. "Socio-ecological vulnerability and resilience of mountain communities residing in capital-constrained environments," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 26(8), pages 1-23, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:masfgc:v:26:y:2021:i:8:d:10.1007_s11027-021-09974-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s11027-021-09974-1
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    3. Jiarui Sun & Lu Zhou & Hua Zong, 2022. "Landscape Pattern Vulnerability of the Eastern Hengduan Mountains, China and Response to Elevation and Artificial Disturbance," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-20, July.
    4. Yutong Duan & Miao Yu & Weiyang Sun & Shiyang Zhang & Yunyuan Li, 2024. "Spatial Vulnerability Assessment for Mountain Cities Based on the GA-BP Neural Network: A Case Study in Linzhou, Henan, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-25, June.
    5. Pingyi Ma & Xueyan Zhao & Hua Li, 2023. "Spatial–Temporal Evolution of Socio-Ecological System Vulnerability on the Loess Plateau under Rapid Urbanization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-18, January.

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