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Increasing the efficiency of chemical looping combustion of biomass by a dual-stage fuel reactor design to reduce carbon capture costs

Author

Listed:
  • Johannes Haus

    (Hamburg University of Technology)

  • Lennard Lindmüller

    (Hamburg University of Technology)

  • Timo Dymala

    (Hamburg University of Technology)

  • Kolja Jarolin

    (Hamburg University of Technology)

  • Yi Feng

    (Zhejiang University)

  • Ernst-Ulrich Hartge

    (Hamburg University of Technology)

  • Stefan Heinrich

    (Hamburg University of Technology)

  • Joachim Werther

    (Hamburg University of Technology)

Abstract

This paper analyzes the capabilities of a pilot-scale chemical looping combustion plant firing wood biomass in two stages to efficiently achieve negative carbon dioxide emissions. The utilized in situ gasification-chemical looping combustion (iG-CLC) process isolates the oxygen supply via air from the fuel conversion itself with the help of two separate fluidized bed reactors and an oxygen carrier to supply the necessary oxygen for the combustion. As a result, a relatively pure stream of carbon dioxide and steam is generated. Thus, the process makes capturing carbon emissions more feasible since it eliminates the need for the cost- and energy-intensive separation of the produced gases. A major issue when using biomass in a chemical looping plant is the high amount of the volatiles exiting unconverted. This problem was mitigated by using a two-stage fuel reactor system. Two bubbling fluidized beds were arranged one upon the other. The lower stage, where the fuel is introduced, is used to release the volatiles and partly convert them. The remaining volatiles rise up into the second stage and are further converted to a high degree. A series of experiments were carried out with a 25-kWth pilot plant located at the Hamburg University of Technology. Gas concentrations were continuously measured after both stages of the fuel reactor to see the gradual conversion of the fuel gases. Additionally, carbon slip at the exhaust was measured to show the effectiveness. The experiments with the reactor concept showed promising results since already at a reactor temperature of 850 °C, the total oxygen demand needed to oxidize the combustible component in the exhaust gas was well below 2%. The carbon dioxide (CO2) capture efficiency when using German hardwood slightly decreased to 93–96% compared to 97% for German lignite. In the future, the reactor design must prove that it scales and that the efficiency can be further increased. Nevertheless, firing biomass with a two-stage iG-CLC process might allow a cost-efficient negative carbon dioxide emission while generating heat with relatively high efficiency. Therefore, it might be a sustainable alternative to generate heat in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Johannes Haus & Lennard Lindmüller & Timo Dymala & Kolja Jarolin & Yi Feng & Ernst-Ulrich Hartge & Stefan Heinrich & Joachim Werther, 2020. "Increasing the efficiency of chemical looping combustion of biomass by a dual-stage fuel reactor design to reduce carbon capture costs," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 25(6), pages 969-986, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:masfgc:v:25:y:2020:i:6:d:10.1007_s11027-020-09917-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s11027-020-09917-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thon, Andreas & Kramp, Marvin & Hartge, Ernst-Ulrich & Heinrich, Stefan & Werther, Joachim, 2014. "Operational experience with a system of coupled fluidized beds for chemical looping combustion of solid fuels using ilmenite as oxygen carrier," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 309-317.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yaqub, Z.T. & Oboirien, B.O. & Leion, H., 2024. "Process optimization of chemical looping combustion of solid waste/biomass using machine learning algorithm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).

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