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Operational experience with a system of coupled fluidized beds for chemical looping combustion of solid fuels using ilmenite as oxygen carrier

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  • Thon, Andreas
  • Kramp, Marvin
  • Hartge, Ernst-Ulrich
  • Heinrich, Stefan
  • Werther, Joachim

Abstract

A system of coupled fluidized beds for chemical looping combustion of solid fuels was successfully commissioned. The facility has a rated thermal power of 25kW and consists of a circulating fluidized bed coupled with a two-stage bubbling fluidized bed. The two-stage bubbling fluidized bed is the fuel reactor and the riser of the circulating fluidized bed is the air reactor. In the experiments Australian ilmenite with a particle size in the range of 100–400μm was used as the oxygen carrier. The solid fuel was lignite dust with more than 70% of the mass having a particle size smaller than 150μm. The influence of the operational parameters, i.e. reactor temperature, coal feed rate and composition of the fuel reactor feed gas on the operational behaviour of the system was investigated. The two-stage fuel reactor performed well and CO2-concentrations in the dry fuel reactor off-gas of above 90vol.% were achieved. The reason for the appearance of unconverted combustible gases in the fuel reactor off-gas needs further investigation. Solids circulation rates based on the riser cross-section were determined under hot operating conditions and turned out to be between 56 and 70kg/m2s. The carbon slip to the air reactor was small in all tests: only 1.5–6.5wt.% of the fixed carbon introduced with the coal were oxidized in the air reactor.

Suggested Citation

  • Thon, Andreas & Kramp, Marvin & Hartge, Ernst-Ulrich & Heinrich, Stefan & Werther, Joachim, 2014. "Operational experience with a system of coupled fluidized beds for chemical looping combustion of solid fuels using ilmenite as oxygen carrier," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 309-317.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:118:y:2014:i:c:p:309-317
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.11.023
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    1. Abad, Alberto & Pérez-Vega, Raúl & de Diego, Luis F. & García-Labiano, Francisco & Gayán, Pilar & Adánez, Juan, 2015. "Design and operation of a 50kWth Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) unit for solid fuels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 295-303.
    2. Samuel C. Bayham & Andrew Tong & Mandar Kathe & Liang-Shih Fan, 2016. "Chemical looping technology for energy and chemical production," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 5(2), pages 216-241, March.
    3. Nandy, Anirban & Loha, Chanchal & Gu, Sai & Sarkar, Pinaki & Karmakar, Malay K. & Chatterjee, Pradip K., 2016. "Present status and overview of Chemical Looping Combustion technology," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 597-619.
    4. Iloeje, Chukwunwike O. & Zhao, Zhenlong & Ghoniem, Ahmed F., 2017. "A reduced fidelity model for the rotary chemical looping combustion reactor," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 725-739.
    5. Kim, Daewook & Jang, Jae Jun & Nam, Hyungseok & Kim, Jae Young & Won, Yooseob & Lee, Seung-Yong & Hwang, Byung Wook & Choi, Yujin & Kim, Hana & Baek, Jeom-In & Ryu, Ho-Jung, 2022. "Studies on the cyclone dipleg flow characteristics in a CFB for designing 3 MWth scale chemical looping combustor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    6. Coppola, Antonio & Solimene, Roberto & Bareschino, Piero & Salatino, Piero, 2015. "Mathematical modeling of a two-stage fuel reactor for chemical looping combustion with oxygen uncoupling of solid fuels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 449-461.
    7. Berdugo Vilches, Teresa & Lind, Fredrik & Rydén, Magnus & Thunman, Henrik, 2017. "Experience of more than 1000h of operation with oxygen carriers and solid biomass at large scale," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 1174-1183.
    8. Mendiara, T. & García-Labiano, F. & Abad, A. & Gayán, P. & de Diego, L.F. & Izquierdo, M.T. & Adánez, J., 2018. "Negative CO2 emissions through the use of biofuels in chemical looping technology: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 657-684.
    9. Ming Yang & Da Song & Yang Li & Jinzeng Cao & Guoqiang Wei & Fang He, 2023. "High-Quality Syngas Production by Chemical Looping Gasification of Bituminite Based on NiFe 2 O 4 Oxygen Carrier," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-17, April.
    10. Abad, Alberto & Adánez, Juan & Gayán, Pilar & de Diego, Luis F. & García-Labiano, Francisco & Sprachmann, Gerald, 2015. "Conceptual design of a 100MWth CLC unit for solid fuel combustion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 462-474.
    11. Miller, Duane D. & Siriwardane, Ranjani & Poston, James, 2015. "Fluidized-bed and fixed-bed reactor testing of methane chemical looping combustion with MgO-promoted hematite," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 111-121.
    12. Schneider, T. & Moffitt, J. & Volz, N. & Müller, D. & Karl, J., 2022. "Long-term effects of ilmenite on a micro-scale bubbling fluidized bed combined heat and power pilot plant for oxygen carrier aided combustion of wood," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    13. Iloeje, Chukwunwike O. & Zhao, Zhenlong & Ghoniem, Ahmed F., 2018. "Design and techno-economic optimization of a rotary chemical looping combustion power plant with CO2 capture," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 1179-1190.
    14. Bayham, Samuel & McGiveron, Omar & Tong, Andrew & Chung, Elena & Kathe, Mandar & Wang, Dawei & Zeng, Liang & Fan, Liang-Shih, 2015. "Parametric and dynamic studies of an iron-based 25-kWth coal direct chemical looping unit using sub-bituminous coal," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 354-363.
    15. Schmitz, Matthias & Linderholm, Carl Johan, 2016. "Performance of calcium manganate as oxygen carrier in chemical looping combustion of biochar in a 10kW pilot," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 729-737.
    16. Zhang, Hao & Liu, Xiangyu & Hong, Hui & Jin, Hongguang, 2018. "Characteristics of a 10 kW honeycomb reactor for natural gas fueled chemical-looping combustion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 285-292.
    17. Johannes Haus & Lennard Lindmüller & Timo Dymala & Kolja Jarolin & Yi Feng & Ernst-Ulrich Hartge & Stefan Heinrich & Joachim Werther, 2020. "Increasing the efficiency of chemical looping combustion of biomass by a dual-stage fuel reactor design to reduce carbon capture costs," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 25(6), pages 969-986, August.
    18. Zhang, Hao & Hong, Hui & Jiang, Qiongqiong & Deng, Ya'nan & Jin, Hongguang & Kang, Qilan, 2018. "Development of a chemical-looping combustion reactor having porous honeycomb chamber and experimental validation by using NiO/NiAl2O4," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 259-268.
    19. Sette, Erik & Berdugo Vilches, Teresa & Pallarès, David & Johnsson, Filip, 2016. "Measuring fuel mixing under industrial fluidized-bed conditions – A camera-probe based fuel tracking system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 304-312.
    20. Ohlemüller, Peter & Alobaid, Falah & Gunnarsson, Adrian & Ströhle, Jochen & Epple, Bernd, 2015. "Development of a process model for coal chemical looping combustion and validation against 100kWth tests," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 433-448.
    21. Xiaosong Zhang & Sheng Li & Hongguang Jin, 2014. "A Polygeneration System Based on Multi-Input Chemical Looping Combustion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(11), pages 1-12, November.
    22. Martin Haaf & Peter Ohlemüller & Jochen Ströhle & Bernd Epple, 2020. "Techno-economic assessment of alternative fuels in second-generation carbon capture and storage processes," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 25(2), pages 149-164, February.
    23. Rana, Shazadi & Sun, Zhenkun & Mehrani, Poupak & Hughes, Robin & Macchi, Arturo, 2019. "Ilmenite oxidation kinetics for pressurized chemical looping combustion of natural gas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 747-759.
    24. Siriwardane, Ranjani & Benincosa, William & Riley, Jarrett & Tian, Hanjing & Richards, George, 2016. "Investigation of reactions in a fluidized bed reactor during chemical looping combustion of coal/steam with copper oxide-iron oxide-alumina oxygen carrier," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1550-1564.

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