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Application of the double kernel density approach to the multivariate analysis of attributeless event point datasets

Author

Listed:
  • Marina Zusman

    (Graduate School of Management, University of Haifa)

  • Dani Broitman

    (University of Haifa)

  • Boris A. Portnov

    (Graduate School of Management, University of Haifa)

Abstract

Attributeless event point datasets (AEPDs) are datasets composed of discrete events or observations defined by their geographical location only and lacking any other additional attributes. Examples of such datasets include spotted criminal events, road accidents and residential locations of disease patients. A commonly used approach to the analysis of such datasets involves their aggregation into predefined areal units, such as neighborhoods or census tracts. However, this approach does not perform effectively when the events of interests are geographically localized and the number of areal units available for aggregation is small. An alternative approach to the analysis of AEPDs is based on double kernel density (DKD) smoothing, according to which events of interest are transformed into continuous density surfaces and then normalized by the density of the entire population from which the events of interest are drawn. In the present study, the applicability of the DKD approach to multivariate analysis is tested for estimation consistency, sensitivity to the number of input observations and potential bias attributed to the spatial dependency of neighboring observations. Our analysis indicates that the DKD approach provides reasonably stable and consistent estimates, if the following three preconditions are met: (a) the kernel estimation parameters are properly defined, (b) the number of reference points, used for transformation of continuous DKD surfaces into discrete observations, is sufficiently large, and (c) the spatial dependency of neighboring observations is taken into account using spatial analysis tools.

Suggested Citation

  • Marina Zusman & Dani Broitman & Boris A. Portnov, 2016. "Application of the double kernel density approach to the multivariate analysis of attributeless event point datasets," Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, Springer, vol. 9(3), pages 363-382, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:lsprsc:v:9:y:2016:i:3:d:10.1007_s12076-015-0166-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s12076-015-0166-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thomas Cooke & Sarah Marchant, 2006. "The Changing Intrametropolitan Location of High-poverty Neighbourhoods in the US, 1990-2000," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 43(11), pages 1971-1989, October.
    2. Portnov, Boris A. & Dubnov, Jonathan & Barchana, Micha, 2009. "Studying the association between air pollution and lung cancer incidence in a large metropolitan area using a kernel density function," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 43(3), pages 141-150, September.
    3. Laitila, Jussi & Moilanen, Atte, 2013. "Approximating the dispersal of multi-species ecological entities such as communities, ecosystems or habitat types," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 259(C), pages 24-29.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Attributeless event point datasets (AEPDs); Double kernel density (DKD) analysis; Spatial dependency; Reference points; Sensitivity; Bandwidth size;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
    • C40 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - General

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