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Asymmetric Supply Function Equilibria with Forward Contracts

Author

Listed:
  • Edward J. Anderson

    (University of Sydney Business School)

  • Xinmin Hu

    (RepuTex (AU) Pty Ltd)

Abstract

We consider markets in which firms offer supply functions, rather than a quantity or price alone: the most important examples are wholesale electricity markets. The equilibria in such markets can be hard to characterize. In many cases, whole families of supply function equilibria occur so there are difficulties in determining which equilibrium will be chosen. In this paper, we consider supply function equilibria, when firms hold forward contracts, which is common in electricity markets. Under the assumption that contract positions have been fixed in advance, we characterize the families of supply function equilibria in a duopoly. The existence of forward contracts implies a tightening of the conditions for an equilibrium, and a greater likelihood that no equilibrium solution exists. In the case of three firms, there can be at most one supply function equilibrium, provided that the lowest demand be small enough.

Suggested Citation

  • Edward J. Anderson & Xinmin Hu, 2012. "Asymmetric Supply Function Equilibria with Forward Contracts," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Springer, vol. 152(1), pages 198-224, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:joptap:v:152:y:2012:i:1:d:10.1007_s10957-011-9879-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s10957-011-9879-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. E. J. Anderson & H. Xu, 2005. "Supply Function Equilibrium in Electricity Spot Markets with Contracts and Price Caps," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Springer, vol. 124(2), pages 257-283, February.
    2. David M. Newbery, 1998. "Competition, Contracts, and Entry in the Electricity Spot Market," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 29(4), pages 726-749, Winter.
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    7. repec:bla:jindec:v:47:y:1999:i:1:p:107-24 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Edward J. Anderson & Xinmin Hu, 2008. "Finding Supply Function Equilibria with Asymmetric Firms," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 56(3), pages 697-711, June.
    9. Holmberg, Pär, 2009. "Numerical calculation of an asymmetric supply function equilibrium with capacity constraints," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 199(1), pages 285-295, November.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Álvarez-Uribe, Karla C. & Arango-Aramburo, Santiago & Larsen, Erik R., 2018. "Forward contracts in electricity markets and capacity investment: A simulation study," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1-10.

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