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Supply Function Equilibrium with Asymmetric Capacities and Constant Marginal Costs

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  • Par Holmberg

Abstract

This paper analytically derives a Supply Function Equilibrium (SFE) of a real-time electricity market with multiple firms and asymmetric production capacities. There is a unique SFE, which is piece-wise symmetric when firms have identical constant marginal costs. It is believed that some of the properties of the derived SFE are valid for real-time markets in general. FirmsÕ capacity constraints bind at different prices (i). Still, firms with non-binding capacity constraints have smooth residual demand (ii). Approximating an asymmetric real-time market with a symmetric one, tends to overestimate mark-ups for small positive imbalances and underestimate mark-ups for large positive imbalances (iii).

Suggested Citation

  • Par Holmberg, 2007. "Supply Function Equilibrium with Asymmetric Capacities and Constant Marginal Costs," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 2), pages 55-82.
    • Handle: RePEc:aen:journl:2007v28-02-a03
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Majid Al-Gwaiz & Xiuli Chao & Owen Q. Wu, 2017. "Understanding How Generation Flexibility and Renewable Energy Affect Power Market Competition," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 19(1), pages 114-131, February.
    2. Holmberg, Pär & Newbery, David, 2010. "The supply function equilibrium and its policy implications for wholesale electricity auctions," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 209-226, December.
    3. Albert Banal-Estañol & Augusto Rupérez-Micola, 2010. "Are agent-based simulations robust? The wholesale electricity trading case," Economics Working Papers 1214, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
    4. Holmberg, Pär, 2009. "Numerical calculation of an asymmetric supply function equilibrium with capacity constraints," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 199(1), pages 285-295, November.
    5. Ali Kakhbod & Asuman Ozdaglar & Ian Schneider, 2018. "Selling Wind," Papers 1812.11420, arXiv.org.
    6. Csereklyei, Zsuzsanna & Khezr, Peyman, 2024. "How do changes in settlement periods affect wholesale market prices? Evidence from Australia's National Electricity Market," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    7. Holmberg, Pär & Newbery, David & Ralph, Daniel, 2013. "Supply function equilibria: Step functions and continuous representations," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 148(4), pages 1509-1551.
    8. Albert Banal-Estañol & Augusto Rupérez Micola, 2009. "Composition of Electricity Generation Portfolios, Pivotal Dynamics, and Market Prices," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 55(11), pages 1813-1831, November.
    9. Bolle, Friedel & Grimm, Veronika & Ockenfels, Axel & del Pozo, Xavier, 2013. "An experiment on supply function competition," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 170-185.
    10. Knittel, Christopher R & Metaxoglou, Konstantinos, 2008. "Diagnosing Unilateral Market Power in Electricity Reserves Market," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt14q6c0mk, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    11. Pär Holmberg, 2011. "Strategic Forward Contracting in the Wholesale Electricity Market," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 1), pages 169-202.
    12. Genc, Talat S. & Reynolds, Stanley S., 2011. "Supply function equilibria with capacity constraints and pivotal suppliers," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 432-442, July.
    13. Aitor Ciarreta & Maria Paz Espinosa, 2010. "Supply Function Competition in the Spanish Wholesale Electricity Market," The Energy Journal, , vol. 31(4), pages 137-158, October.
    14. David Newbery, 2008. "Analytic Solutions for Supply Function Equilibria: Uniqueness and Stability," Working Papers EPRG 0824, Energy Policy Research Group, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
    15. Hunt Allcott, 2012. "The Smart Grid, Entry, and Imperfect Competition in Electricity Markets," NBER Working Papers 18071, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    16. Edward J. Anderson & Xinmin Hu, 2012. "Asymmetric Supply Function Equilibria with Forward Contracts," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Springer, vol. 152(1), pages 198-224, January.
    17. Moutinho, Victor & Moreira, António C. & Mota, Jorge, 2014. "Do regulatory mechanisms promote competition and mitigate market power? Evidence from Spanish electricity market," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 403-412.
    18. David P. Brown & David E. M. Sappington, 2023. "Load-Following Forward Contracts," The Energy Journal, , vol. 44(3), pages 187-222, May.

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    JEL classification:

    • F0 - International Economics - - General

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