IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/joimai/v24y2023i3d10.1007_s12134-023-01007-x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Risk of Covid-19 Severe Outcomes and Mortality in Migrants and Ethnic Minorities Compared to the General Population in the European WHO Region: a Systematic Review

Author

Listed:
  • Elena Mazzalai

    (Sapienza University of Rome)

  • Dara Giannini

    (Sapienza University of Rome
    Italian Society of Migration Medicine (SIMM))

  • Maria Elena Tosti

    (Istituto Superiore di Sanità)

  • Franca D’Angelo

    (Istituto Superiore di Sanità)

  • Silvia Declich

    (Italian Society of Migration Medicine (SIMM)
    Istituto Superiore di Sanità)

  • Anissa Jaljaa

    (Sapienza University of Rome)

  • Susanna Caminada

    (Sapienza University of Rome
    Italian Society of Migration Medicine (SIMM))

  • Federica Turatto

    (Sapienza University of Rome)

  • Chiara Marchi

    (Sapienza University of Rome)

  • Angela Gatta

    (Sapienza University of Rome)

  • Aurora Angelozzi

    (Department for Organisational Development, Local Health Unit Roma 1)

  • Giulia Marchetti

    (Italian Society of Migration Medicine (SIMM)
    Istituto Superiore di Sanità)

  • Scilla Pizzarelli

    (Istituto Superiore di Sanità)

  • Maurizio Marceca

    (Sapienza University of Rome
    Italian Society of Migration Medicine (SIMM))

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a major impact on migrants and ethnic minorities (MEMs). Socio-economic factors and legal, administrative and language barriers are among the reasons for this increased susceptibility. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of Covid-19 on MEMs compared to the general population in terms of serious outcomes. We conducted a systematic review collecting studies on the impact of Covid-19 on MEMs compared to the general population in the WHO European Region regarding hospitalisation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality, published between 01/01/2020 and 19/03/2021. Nine researchers were involved in selection, study quality assessment and data extraction. Of the 82 studies included, 15 of the 16 regarding hospitalisation for Covid-19 reported an increased risk for MEMs compared to the white and/or native population and 22 out of the 28 studies focusing on the ICU admission rates found an increased risk for MEMs. Among the 65 studies on mortality, 43 report a higher risk for MEMs. An increased risk of adverse outcomes was reported for MEMs. Social determinants of health are among the main factors involved in the genesis of health inequalities: a disadvantaged socio-economic status, a framework of structural racism and asymmetric access to healthcare are linked to increased susceptibility to the consequences of Covid-19. These findings underline the need for policymakers to consider the socio-economic barriers when designing prevention plans.

Suggested Citation

  • Elena Mazzalai & Dara Giannini & Maria Elena Tosti & Franca D’Angelo & Silvia Declich & Anissa Jaljaa & Susanna Caminada & Federica Turatto & Chiara Marchi & Angela Gatta & Aurora Angelozzi & Giulia M, 2023. "Risk of Covid-19 Severe Outcomes and Mortality in Migrants and Ethnic Minorities Compared to the General Population in the European WHO Region: a Systematic Review," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 1305-1335, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:joimai:v:24:y:2023:i:3:d:10.1007_s12134-023-01007-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s12134-023-01007-x
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12134-023-01007-x
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s12134-023-01007-x?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sven Drefahl & Matthew Wallace & Eleonora Mussino & Siddartha Aradhya & Martin Kolk & Maria Brandén & Bo Malmberg & Gunnar Andersson, 2020. "A population-based cohort study of socio-demographic risk factors for COVID-19 deaths in Sweden," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-7, December.
    2. Platt, Lucinda & Warwick, Ross, 2020. "COVID-19 and ethnic Inequalities in England and Wales," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 105576, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    3. Wladimir Morante-García & Rosa María Zapata-Boluda & Jessica García-González & Pedro Campuzano-Cuadrado & Cristobal Calvillo & Raquel Alarcón-Rodríguez, 2022. "Influence of Social Determinants of Health on COVID-19 Infection in Socially Vulnerable Groups," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-10, January.
    4. Lucinda Platt & Ross Warwick, 2020. "COVID‐19 and Ethnic Inequalities in England and Wales," Fiscal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 41(2), pages 259-289, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Byrne, John-Paul & Humphries, Niamh & McMurray, Robert & Scotter, Cris, 2023. "COVID-19 and healthcare worker mental well-being: Comparative case studies on interventions in six countries," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    2. Grashuis, Jasper, 2021. "Self-employment duration during the COVID-19 pandemic: A competing risk analysis," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 15(C).
    3. Albuquerque, Bruno & Green, Georgina, 2023. "Financial concerns and the marginal propensity to consume in COVID times: Evidence from UK survey data," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    4. Jones, Melanie, 2022. "COVID-19 and the labour market outcomes of disabled people in the UK," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    5. Brandily, Paul & Brébion, Clément & Briole, Simon & Khoury, Laura, 2021. "A poorly understood disease? The impact of COVID-19 on the income gradient in mortality over the course of the pandemic," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    6. Borau, Sylvie & Couprie, Hélène & Hopfensitz, Astrid, 2022. "The prosociality of married people: Evidence from a large multinational sample," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    7. Daniel Auer, 2022. "Firing discrimination: Selective labor market responses of firms during the COVID-19 economic crisis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(1), pages 1-30, January.
    8. Khlat, Myriam & Ghosn, Walid & Guillot, Michel & Vandentorren, Stéphanie, 2022. "Impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the mortality profiles of the foreign-born in France during the first pandemic wave," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    9. Arpino, Bruno & LUPPI, FRANCESCA & Rosina, Alessandro, 2021. "Changes in fertility plans during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: the role of occupation and income vulnerability," SocArXiv 4sjvm, Center for Open Science.
    10. Gabriele Doblhammer & Daniel Kreft & Constantin Reinke, 2021. "Regional Characteristics of the Second Wave of SARS-CoV-2 Infections and COVID-19 Deaths in Germany," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-18, October.
    11. Berta, P. & Bratti, M. & Fiorio, C.V. & Pisoni, E. & Verzillo, S., 2021. "Administrative border effects in Covid-19 related mortality," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 21/21, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
    12. Isabel Martinez Leal & Journa Njoh & Tzuan A. Chen & Faith Foreman-Hays & Brian C. Reed & Sean A. Haley & Kerry Chavez & Lorraine R. Reitzel & Ezemenari M. Obasi, 2023. "Exploring COVID-19 Vaccine Attitudes among Racially and Ethnically Minoritized Communities: Community Partners’ and Residents’ Perspectives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-24, February.
    13. Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu & Chikasirimobi G Timothy & Raymond Langsi & Emmanuel K Abu & Piwuna Christopher Goson & Khathutshelo P Mashige & Bernadine Ekpenyong & Godwin O Ovenseri-Ogbomo & Chundung Asab, 2021. "Differences in Perceived Risk of Contracting SARS-CoV-2 during and after the Lockdown in Sub-Saharan African Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-12, October.
    14. Iris Meulman & Ellen Uiters & Mariëlle Cloin & Jeroen Struijs & Johan Polder & Niek Stadhouders, 2024. "From test to rest: evaluating socioeconomic differences along the COVID-19 care pathway in the Netherlands," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 25(9), pages 1581-1594, December.
    15. Paul Brandily & Clément Brébion & Simon Briole & Laura Khoury, 2021. "A Poorly Understood Disease? The Evolution of the Income Gradient in Excess Mortality Due to COVID-19 within Urban Areas," Working Papers halshs-03154551, HAL.
    16. Håvard Thorsen Rydland & Joseph Friedman & Silvia Stringhini & Bruce G. Link & Terje Andreas Eikemo, 2022. "The radically unequal distribution of Covid-19 vaccinations: a predictable yet avoidable symptom of the fundamental causes of inequality," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-6, December.
    17. Víctor-Raúl López-Ruiz & José Luis Alfaro-Navarro & Nuria Huete-Alcocer & Domingo Nevado-Peña, 2022. "Psychological and Social Vulnerability in Spaniards’ Quality of Life in the Face of COVID-19: Age and Gender Results," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-16, August.
    18. Martin S. Eichenbaum & Sergio Rebelo & Mathias Trabandt, 2022. "Inequality in Life and Death," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 70(1), pages 68-104, March.
    19. Hadi Alizadeh & Ayyoob Sharifi & Safiyeh Damanbagh & Hadi Nazarnia & Mohammad Nazarnia, 2023. "Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the social sphere and lessons for crisis management: a literature review," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 117(3), pages 2139-2164, July.
    20. Bat Batjargal & Sarah Jack & Tomasz Mickiewicz & Erik Stam & Wouter Stam & Karl Wennberg, 2023. "Crises, Covid-19, and Entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 47(3), pages 651-661, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:joimai:v:24:y:2023:i:3:d:10.1007_s12134-023-01007-x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.