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Risk of Covid-19 Severe Outcomes and Mortality in Migrants and Ethnic Minorities Compared to the General Population in the European WHO Region: a Systematic Review

Author

Listed:
  • Elena Mazzalai

    (Sapienza University of Rome)

  • Dara Giannini

    (Sapienza University of Rome
    Italian Society of Migration Medicine (SIMM))

  • Maria Elena Tosti

    (Istituto Superiore di Sanità)

  • Franca D’Angelo

    (Istituto Superiore di Sanità)

  • Silvia Declich

    (Italian Society of Migration Medicine (SIMM)
    Istituto Superiore di Sanità)

  • Anissa Jaljaa

    (Sapienza University of Rome)

  • Susanna Caminada

    (Sapienza University of Rome
    Italian Society of Migration Medicine (SIMM))

  • Federica Turatto

    (Sapienza University of Rome)

  • Chiara Marchi

    (Sapienza University of Rome)

  • Angela Gatta

    (Sapienza University of Rome)

  • Aurora Angelozzi

    (Department for Organisational Development, Local Health Unit Roma 1)

  • Giulia Marchetti

    (Italian Society of Migration Medicine (SIMM)
    Istituto Superiore di Sanità)

  • Scilla Pizzarelli

    (Istituto Superiore di Sanità)

  • Maurizio Marceca

    (Sapienza University of Rome
    Italian Society of Migration Medicine (SIMM))

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a major impact on migrants and ethnic minorities (MEMs). Socio-economic factors and legal, administrative and language barriers are among the reasons for this increased susceptibility. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of Covid-19 on MEMs compared to the general population in terms of serious outcomes. We conducted a systematic review collecting studies on the impact of Covid-19 on MEMs compared to the general population in the WHO European Region regarding hospitalisation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality, published between 01/01/2020 and 19/03/2021. Nine researchers were involved in selection, study quality assessment and data extraction. Of the 82 studies included, 15 of the 16 regarding hospitalisation for Covid-19 reported an increased risk for MEMs compared to the white and/or native population and 22 out of the 28 studies focusing on the ICU admission rates found an increased risk for MEMs. Among the 65 studies on mortality, 43 report a higher risk for MEMs. An increased risk of adverse outcomes was reported for MEMs. Social determinants of health are among the main factors involved in the genesis of health inequalities: a disadvantaged socio-economic status, a framework of structural racism and asymmetric access to healthcare are linked to increased susceptibility to the consequences of Covid-19. These findings underline the need for policymakers to consider the socio-economic barriers when designing prevention plans.

Suggested Citation

  • Elena Mazzalai & Dara Giannini & Maria Elena Tosti & Franca D’Angelo & Silvia Declich & Anissa Jaljaa & Susanna Caminada & Federica Turatto & Chiara Marchi & Angela Gatta & Aurora Angelozzi & Giulia M, 2023. "Risk of Covid-19 Severe Outcomes and Mortality in Migrants and Ethnic Minorities Compared to the General Population in the European WHO Region: a Systematic Review," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 1305-1335, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:joimai:v:24:y:2023:i:3:d:10.1007_s12134-023-01007-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s12134-023-01007-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wladimir Morante-García & Rosa María Zapata-Boluda & Jessica García-González & Pedro Campuzano-Cuadrado & Cristobal Calvillo & Raquel Alarcón-Rodríguez, 2022. "Influence of Social Determinants of Health on COVID-19 Infection in Socially Vulnerable Groups," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-10, January.
    2. Sven Drefahl & Matthew Wallace & Eleonora Mussino & Siddartha Aradhya & Martin Kolk & Maria Brandén & Bo Malmberg & Gunnar Andersson, 2020. "A population-based cohort study of socio-demographic risk factors for COVID-19 deaths in Sweden," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-7, December.
    3. Platt, Lucinda & Warwick, Ross, 2020. "COVID-19 and ethnic Inequalities in England and Wales," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 105576, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    4. Lucinda Platt & Ross Warwick, 2020. "COVID‐19 and Ethnic Inequalities in England and Wales," Fiscal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 41(2), pages 259-289, June.
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