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Appreciating the Good Things in Life During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Evaluation of a Gratitude App

Author

Listed:
  • Noortje Kloos

    (University of Twente
    La Trobe University)

  • Judith Austin

    (University of Twente)

  • Jan-Willem ‘t Klooster

    (University of Twente)

  • Constance Drossaert

    (University of Twente)

  • Ernst Bohlmeijer

    (University of Twente)

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has had many negative consequences on the general public mental health. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of and satisfaction with an app with gratitude exercises to improve the mental health of people with reduced mental well-being due to the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as potential mechanisms of well-being change and dose–response relationships. A two-armed randomized controlled trial design was used, with two groups receiving the 6-week gratitude intervention app either immediately (intervention group, n = 424) or after 6 weeks (waiting list control group, n = 425). Assessments took place online at baseline (T0), six weeks later (T1) and at 12 weeks (T2), measuring outcomes (i.e., mental well-being, anxiety, depression, stress), and potential explanatory variables (i.e., gratitude, positive reframing, rumination). Linear mixed models analyses showed that when controlled for baseline measures, the intervention group scored better on all outcome measures compared to the control group at T1 (d = .24–.49). These effects were maintained at T2. The control group scored equally well on all outcome measures at T2 after following the intervention. Effects of the intervention on well-being were partially explained by gratitude, positive reframing, and rumination, and finishing a greater number of modules was weakly related to better outcomes. The intervention was generally appealing, with some room for improvement. The results suggest that a mobile gratitude intervention app is a satisfactory and effective way to improve the mental health of the general population during the difficult times of a pandemic.

Suggested Citation

  • Noortje Kloos & Judith Austin & Jan-Willem ‘t Klooster & Constance Drossaert & Ernst Bohlmeijer, 2022. "Appreciating the Good Things in Life During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Evaluation of a Gratitude App," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 23(8), pages 4001-4025, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jhappi:v:23:y:2022:i:8:d:10.1007_s10902-022-00586-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00586-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Attkisson, C. Clifford & Zwick, Rebecca, 1982. "The client satisfaction questionnaire : Psychometric properties and correlations with service utilization and psychotherapy outcome," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 5(3), pages 233-237, January.
    2. Selda Koydemir & Aslı Bugay Sökmez & Astrid Schütz, 2021. "A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Randomized Controlled Positive Psychological Interventions on Subjective and Psychological Well-Being," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 16(3), pages 1145-1185, June.
    3. David R. Cregg & Jennifer S. Cheavens, 2021. "Gratitude Interventions: Effective Self-help? A Meta-analysis of the Impact on Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 413-445, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kim J. M. Tönis & Jannis T. Kraiss & Constance H. C. Drossaert & Joyce Karreman & Miriam S. D. Oostinga & Noortje Kloos & Judith Austin & Ernst T. Bohlmeijer, 2024. "Regaining Mental Well-Being in the Aftermath of the Covid-19 Pandemic with a Digital Multicomponent Positive Psychology Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 25(7), pages 1-26, October.

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