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My Time, Your Time, or Our Time? Time Perception and Its Associations with Interpersonal Goals and Life Outcomes

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  • Yu Niiya

    (Hosei University)

Abstract

Time spent with others may be perceived as a limited resource that one can gain or lose or as a nonzero-sum resource that people share and co-create. Is perceiving time as a nonzero-sum resource associated with better life outcomes and how do interpersonal goals shape how one perceives time? What are the predictors of these time perceptions? A sample of 501 Japanese adults completed measures of time perception, compassionate and self-image goals, basic needs satisfaction, subjective well-being, perceived stress, time affluence, and objective time scarcity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the newly developed time perception scale had four correlated factors: time taken, taking time, offering time, and nonzero-sum time. A structural equation modeling further showed that nonzero-sum time perception was associated with basic needs satisfaction, greater subjective well-being, and lower perceived stress. In contrast, zero-sum time perception (more specifically the perception that one is taking others’ time) was negatively associated with basic needs satisfaction and subjective well-being, and positively with perceived stress. Compassionate goals to support others were associated negatively with zero-sum time perception and positively with nonzeo-sum time perception whereas self-image goals to project a desirable image of the self were correlated with zero-sum time perception and unexpectedly, also with nonzero-sum time perception. This research points to the possibility that perceiving time as nonzero-sum resource rather than a zero-sum resource promotes happiness.

Suggested Citation

  • Yu Niiya, 2019. "My Time, Your Time, or Our Time? Time Perception and Its Associations with Interpersonal Goals and Life Outcomes," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 20(5), pages 1439-1455, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:jhappi:v:20:y:2019:i:5:d:10.1007_s10902-018-0007-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s10902-018-0007-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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