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Understanding how legitimacy is acquired among informal home-based Pakistani small businesses

Author

Listed:
  • Monica Lent

    (St. Francis Xavier University)

  • Alistair Anderson

    (Lancaster University Management School)

  • Mohammad Sohail Yunis

    (Institute of Management Sciences (IMSciences))

  • Hina Hashim

    (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences)

Abstract

The informal business sector has been garnering attention from governments and researchers. In countries where this sector plays a significant role in business activity and employment, policymakers are eager to have entrepreneurs enter or transition to the formal economy. However, with research in its infancy, there is little basis for developing effective policy. In Pakistan, there is a preponderance of informal enterprises, many of which are home-based and invisible. A key challenge for entrepreneurs in this context is gaining stakeholder legitimacy to acquire the resources they need. With the aim of ascertaining and better understanding legitimacy, this qualitative study draws upon the two dominant theoretical perspectives -institutional and strategic - to conceptually guide an exploration of the legitimation process among a cohort of Pakistani informal home-based businesses. Using the institutional lens, the primary influences on action were found to be coercive and mimetic isomorphic mechanisms. For example, the entrepreneurs stressed how essential it was to their customers that societal norms be adhered to when doing business (coercive mechanism). A surprising discovery was that the entrepreneurs deemed action countering prevailing business practice to be the best response to uncertainty (coined anti-mimetic isomorphism). Using the strategic lens, two main strategies were identified – following cultural norms such as those regarding appropriate behavior for women (conforming); and attempting to create new audiences and legitimating beliefs through business activities that advanced women’s rights (manipulating). The interactive influence of pressures from the environment and entrepreneurial action is considered, along with implications for theory and policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Monica Lent & Alistair Anderson & Mohammad Sohail Yunis & Hina Hashim, 2019. "Understanding how legitimacy is acquired among informal home-based Pakistani small businesses," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 341-361, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:intemj:v:15:y:2019:i:2:d:10.1007_s11365-019-00568-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s11365-019-00568-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Donald F. Kuratko & Greg Fisher & James M. Bloodgood & Jeffrey S. Hornsby, 2017. "The paradox of new venture legitimation within an entrepreneurial ecosystem," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 49(1), pages 119-140, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Esther Salvi & Frank-Martin Belz & Sophie Bacq, 2023. "Informal Entrepreneurship: An Integrative Review and Future Research Agenda," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 47(2), pages 265-303, March.
    2. Chih-Hung Yuan & Dajiang Wang & Chuanyu Mao & Feixia Wu, 2020. "An Empirical Comparison of Graduate Entrepreneurs and Graduate Employees Based on Graduate Entrepreneurship Education and Career Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-15, December.
    3. Olivier Rubin & Louise Munkholm, 2022. "Isomorphic dynamics in national action plans on antimicrobial resistance," Public Administration & Development, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 42(2), pages 142-153, May.
    4. Said Muhammad & Kong Ximei & Shahab E. Saqib & Nicholas J. Beutell, 2021. "Women’s Home-Based Entrepreneurship and Family Financial Position in Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-14, November.
    5. Sumayya Rashid & Vanessa Ratten, 2021. "Commodifying skills for survival among artisan entrepreneurs in Pakistan," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 17(3), pages 1091-1110, September.

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