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Why do men extend their employment beyond pensionable age more often than women? a cohort study

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  • Saana Myllyntausta

    (University of Turku
    University of Turku and Turku University Hospital
    University of Turku and Turku University Hospital)

  • Marianna Virtanen

    (University of Eastern Finland
    Karolinska Institutet)

  • Jaana Pentti

    (University of Turku and Turku University Hospital
    University of Turku and Turku University Hospital
    University of Helsinki)

  • Mika Kivimäki

    (University of Helsinki
    University College London Medical School
    Finnish Institute of Occupational Health)

  • Jussi Vahtera

    (University of Turku and Turku University Hospital
    University of Turku and Turku University Hospital)

  • Sari Stenholm

    (University of Turku and Turku University Hospital
    University of Turku and Turku University Hospital)

Abstract

Men extend their employment beyond pensionable age more often than women, but the factors that contribute to this sex difference are unknown. This study aimed to examine sex differences in extending employment and the contribution of sociodemographic, work- and health-related factors to these differences. Participants of this prospective cohort study were 4,263 public sector employees from Finland who reached their individual pensionable date between 2014 and 2019 and responded to a survey on work- and non-work-related issues before that date. Extended employment was defined as continuing working for over six months beyond the individual pensionable date. We used mediation analysis to examine the contribution of explanatory factors to the association between sex and extended employment. Of the participants, 29% extended employment beyond the pensionable date. Men had a 1.29-fold (95% confidence interval 1.11–1.49) higher probability of extending employment compared with women. Men had a higher prevalence of factors that increase the likelihood of extended employment than women (such as spouse working full-time, no part-time retirement, low job strain, high work time control, and lack of pain) and this mediated the association of sex with extended employment by up to 83%. In conclusion, men were more likely to extend their employment beyond pensionable age than women. This difference was largely explained by men being more likely to have a full-time working spouse, low job strain, high work time control, no pain, and not being on part-time retirement.

Suggested Citation

  • Saana Myllyntausta & Marianna Virtanen & Jaana Pentti & Mika Kivimäki & Jussi Vahtera & Sari Stenholm, 2022. "Why do men extend their employment beyond pensionable age more often than women? a cohort study," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 599-608, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:eujoag:v:19:y:2022:i:3:d:10.1007_s10433-021-00663-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s10433-021-00663-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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