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ADHD and later-life labor market outcomes in the United States

Author

Listed:
  • Cornelius A. Rietveld

    (Erasmus University Rotterdam)

  • Pankaj C. Patel

    (Villanova University)

Abstract

This study analyzes the relation between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and later-life labor market outcomes in the United States and whether these relationships are mediated by educational attainment. To overcome endogeneity concerns in the estimation of these relationships, we exploit the polygenic risk score (PRS) for ADHD in a cohort where the diagnosis of and treatment for ADHD were generally not available. We find that an increase in the PRS for ADHD reduces the likelihood of employment, individual income, and household wealth. Moreover, it increases the likelihood of receiving social security disability benefits, unemployment or worker compensation, and other governmental transfers. We provide evidence that educational attainment mediates these relationships to a considerable extent (14–58%).

Suggested Citation

  • Cornelius A. Rietveld & Pankaj C. Patel, 2019. "ADHD and later-life labor market outcomes in the United States," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 20(7), pages 949-967, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:eujhec:v:20:y:2019:i:7:d:10.1007_s10198-019-01055-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s10198-019-01055-0
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    Cited by:

    1. Pankaj C. Patel & Cornelius A. Rietveld & Ingrid Verheul, 2021. "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Earnings in Later-Life Self-Employment," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 45(1), pages 43-63, January.
    2. Hunt, Richard A. & Lerner, Daniel A. & Johnson, Sheri L. & Badal, Sangeeta & Freeman, Michael A., 2022. "Cracks in the wall: Entrepreneurial action theory and the weakening presumption of intended rationality," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 37(3).
    3. Andreas Jangmo & Ralf Kuja-Halkola & Ana Pérez-Vigil & Catarina Almqvist & Cynthia M Bulik & Brian D’Onofrio & Paul Lichtenstein & Ewa Ahnemark & Tamara Werner-Kiechle & Henrik Larsson, 2021. "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and occupational outcomes: The role of educational attainment, comorbid developmental disorders, and intellectual disability," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(3), pages 1-16, March.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    ADHD; Educational attainment; Labor market outcomes; Polygenic risk score;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I14 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Inequality
    • J01 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General - - - Labor Economics: General

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