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Is health care a luxury or a necessity or both? Evidence from Turkey

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  • Nilgun Yavuz
  • Veli Yilanci
  • Zehra Ozturk

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of per capita income on per capita health expenditures in Turkey over the period 1975–2007 by using ARDL bounds test approach to the cointegration considering both demand and supply side variables. Since we reject the null hypothesis that there is no cointegration among the series, we estimate long run and short run elasticities. The results show that while income has no effect on health expenditures in the long run, it is a necessity good in the short run that is a 1% increase in per capita income creates an 0.75% increase in per capita health expenditures. On the other hand, by examining the coefficient of demand and supply side variables, we found that average length of stay and number of physicians has negative effect, percentage of older people has positive effect and infant mortality rate has no effect on health expenditures in both short and long runs. Copyright Springer-Verlag 2013

Suggested Citation

  • Nilgun Yavuz & Veli Yilanci & Zehra Ozturk, 2013. "Is health care a luxury or a necessity or both? Evidence from Turkey," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 14(1), pages 5-10, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:eujhec:v:14:y:2013:i:1:p:5-10
    DOI: 10.1007/s10198-011-0339-6
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    2. Barkat, Karim & Sbia, Raschid & Maouchi, Youcef, 2019. "Empirical evidence on the long and short run determinants of health expenditure in the Arab world," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 78-87.
    3. Sasa Obradovic & Nemanja Lojanica, 2018. "Is Health Care Necessity or Luxury Good? Panel Data Analysis on the Example of the SEEHN Countries," Managing Global Transitions, University of Primorska, Faculty of Management Koper, vol. 16(3 (Fall)), pages 195-214.
    4. Mahmut ZORTUK & Sinan ÇEKEN, 2015. "The Relationship between Health Care Expenditures and Income in the Selected Transition Economies: A Panel Smooth Transition Regression Analysis," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(2), pages 105-118, June.
    5. Wei-Bin Zhang, 2018. "Dynamic Interactions Between Health, Human Capital and Wealth," Academicus International Scientific Journal, Entrepreneurship Training Center Albania, issue 17, pages 122-145, March.
    6. Sinan Erdogan & Eyup Serdar Erdogan, 2023. "Analyzing the asymmetric effect of disaggregated health expenditures on economic growth," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 57(3), pages 2673-2686, June.
    7. Błażej Łyszczarz, 2018. "Determinanty wydatków na zdrowie w gospodarstwach domowych w Polsce," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 1, pages 137-157.
    8. Murthy, Vasudeva N.R. & Okunade, Albert A., 2016. "Determinants of U.S. health expenditure: Evidence from autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 67-73.
    9. Mulatu F. Zerihun & Juncal Cunado & Rangan Gupta, 2017. "Are Health Care Expenditures and Personal Disposable Income Characterised by Asymmetric Behaviour? Evidence from US State-Level Data," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 131(2), pages 527-542, March.
    10. Muhammad Arshad Khan & Muhammad Iftikhar Ul Husnain, 2019. "Is health care a luxury or necessity good? Evidence from Asian countries," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 19(2), pages 213-233, June.
    11. Giorgia Marini, 2016. "A note on the power of panel cointegration tests – An application to health care expenditure and gdp," Public Finance Research Papers 21, Istituto di Economia e Finanza, DSGE, Sapienza University of Rome.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Health expenditures; Cointegration; Income elasticity; Turkey; I10; C32;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General
    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models

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