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Fluoride and iron in groundwater of a mixed ferricrete and calcrete bearing region in India and assessment of health risk

Author

Listed:
  • Sandip Kumar Das

    (Raiganj University)

  • Arun Kumar Pramanik

    (Raiganj University)

  • Deepanjan Majumder

    (CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI))

  • Abhik Chatterjee

    (Raiganj University)

Abstract

Groundwater quality was evaluated with a special emphasis on fluoride (F−) and iron (Fe) concentration, hydrogeochemical facies and suitability in terms of potability and irrigation (n = 32) was assessed in the mixed Ferricrete and Calcrete bearing region under 11 Gram-Panchayats in Gangarampur Block situated in South Dinajpur District of state of West Bengal in India in 2020. F− and Fe concentrations were beyond safe limits for drinking water (> 1.0 mg L−1) in 81.3% and 59.4% samples, respectively. Maximum recorded F− concentration was 4.6 mg L−1 while the lowest was 0.7 mg L−1 while Fe was 0.2–3.9 mg L−1. Nitrate (NO3−) concentration (13.4‒39.4 mg L−1) was found to be high vis a vis the reported levels of NO3 in some other regions of West Bengal but was always lower than the prescribed safe limit (45 mg L−1) for drinking water. Non-carcinogenic risk posed by F− exposure breached the Hazard Quotent limit in almost all samples for children (

Suggested Citation

  • Sandip Kumar Das & Arun Kumar Pramanik & Deepanjan Majumder & Abhik Chatterjee, 2024. "Fluoride and iron in groundwater of a mixed ferricrete and calcrete bearing region in India and assessment of health risk," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(9), pages 23767-23793, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:26:y:2024:i:9:d:10.1007_s10668-023-03622-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-03622-1
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    1. World Bank, 2010. "Deep Wells and Prudence : Towards Pragmatic Action for Addressing Groundwater Overexploitation in India," World Bank Publications - Reports 2835, The World Bank Group.
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