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Long-term sustainability of groundwater resources in the central Ganga Alluvial Plain, India: Study from Gomti River Basin

Author

Listed:
  • Urvashi Sharma

    (Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University)

  • Adeeba Khan

    (Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University)

  • Venkatesh Dutta

    (Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University
    Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University)

Abstract

Groundwater is the major primary source of drinking and irrigation water for nearly 500 million inhabitants in both rural and urban areas of the Ganga Alluvial Plain (GAP) in India. Indiscriminate pumping of groundwater primarily from the shallow parts of the alluvial aquifer system is leading to rapid decline in water tables. It is expected that in coming years, the stress on groundwater will only increase due to steadily rising urbanization and additional demands for water and land, as well as by impending weather anomalies and shifts in availability of water during seasons when demands for irrigation and ecological needs are high. In the present study, Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method is used using pre- and post-monsoon groundwater levels from 764 observatory wells and peizometers to assess the trends of declining groundwater in the Gomti River Basin (GRB) during 2005 to 2015. Groundwater potential zone maps were composed using water depths data and Cartosat-1 satellite images delineating the area under rising and falling groundwater tables. The loss of shallow groundwater was clearly visible during the 2005–2015 periods. The decline is attributed to intensive irrigation from groundwater as well as peri-urban growth around the state capital. This study can apprise the planners and local administrators of the effects of irrigation and urbanization on the groundwater regime in the fast growing regions of the basin.

Suggested Citation

  • Urvashi Sharma & Adeeba Khan & Venkatesh Dutta, 2021. "Long-term sustainability of groundwater resources in the central Ganga Alluvial Plain, India: Study from Gomti River Basin," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(11), pages 16015-16037, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:23:y:2021:i:11:d:10.1007_s10668-021-01325-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-01325-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shah, T., 2003. "Sustaining Asia's groundwater boom: an overview of issues and evidence," IWMI Books, Reports H043763, International Water Management Institute.
    2. Shah, Tushaar & Molden, David J. & Sakthivadivel, Ramasamy & Seckler, David, 2000. "The global groundwater situation: overview of opportunities and challenges," IWMI Books, International Water Management Institute, number 113506.
    3. Tushaar Shah & Aditi Deb Roy & Asad S Qureshi & Jinxia Wang, 2003. "Sustaining Asia’s groundwater boom: An overview of issues and evidence," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 27(2), pages 130-141, May.
    4. World Bank, 2010. "Deep Wells and Prudence : Towards Pragmatic Action for Addressing Groundwater Overexploitation in India," World Bank Publications - Reports 2835, The World Bank Group.
    5. Anil Misra, 2011. "Impact of Urbanization on the Hydrology of Ganga Basin (India)," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(2), pages 705-719, January.
    6. Shah, T. & Molden, D. & Sakthivadivel, R. & Seckler, D., 2000. "The global groundwater situation: overview of opportunities and challenges," IWMI Books, Reports H025885, International Water Management Institute.
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