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Joint tests for dynamic and spatial effects in short panels with fixed effects and heteroskedasticity

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  • Zhenlin Yang

    (Singapore Management University)

Abstract

Simple and reliable tests are proposed for testing the existence of dynamic and/or spatial effects in fixed-effects panel data models with small T and possibly heteroskedastic errors. The tests are constructed based on the adjusted quasi scores (AQS), which correct the conditional quasi scores given the initial differences to account for the effect of initial values. To improve the finite sample performance, standardized AQS tests are also derived, which are shown to have much improved finite sample properties. All the proposed tests are robust against nonnormality, but some are not robust against cross-sectional heteroskedasticity (CH). A different type of adjustments is made on the AQS functions, leading to a set of tests that are fully robust against unknown CH. Monte Carlo results show excellent finite sample performance of the standardized versions of the AQS tests.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhenlin Yang, 2021. "Joint tests for dynamic and spatial effects in short panels with fixed effects and heteroskedasticity," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 60(1), pages 51-92, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:empeco:v:60:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1007_s00181-020-01935-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s00181-020-01935-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhenlin Yang, 2018. "Bootstrap LM tests for higher-order spatial effects in spatial linear regression models," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 55(1), pages 35-68, August.
    2. Peter M. Robinson & Francesca Rossi, 2014. "Improved Lagrange multiplier tests in spatial autoregressions," Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 17(1), pages 139-164, February.
    3. Xu, Yuhong & Yang, Zhenlin, 2019. "Specification Tests for Temporal Heterogeneity in Spatial Panel Models with Fixed Effects," Economics and Statistics Working Papers 5-2019, Singapore Management University, School of Economics.
    4. Yang, Zhenlin & Li, Chenwei & Tse, Y.K., 2006. "Functional form and spatial dependence in dynamic panels," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 91(1), pages 138-145, April.
    5. Alexander Chudik & M. Hashem Pesaran, 2017. "A Bias-Corrected Method of Moments Approach to Estimation of Dynamic Short-T Panels," CESifo Working Paper Series 6688, CESifo.
    6. Kelejian, Harry H & Prucha, Ingmar R, 1999. "A Generalized Moments Estimator for the Autoregressive Parameter in a Spatial Model," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 40(2), pages 509-533, May.
    7. Robinson, Peter M. & Rossi, Francesca, 2015. "Refinements in maximum likelihood inference on spatial autocorrelation in panel data," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 189(2), pages 447-456.
    8. Badi H. Baltagi & Zhenlin Yang, 2013. "Standardized LM tests for spatial error dependence in linear or panel regressions," Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 16(1), pages 103-134, February.
    9. Taspinar, Suleyman & Dogan, Osman & Bera, Anil K., 2017. "GMM Gradient Tests for Spatial Dynamic Panel Data Models," MPRA Paper 82830, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Lee, Lung-Fei, 2002. "Consistency And Efficiency Of Least Squares Estimation For Mixed Regressive, Spatial Autoregressive Models," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 18(2), pages 252-277, April.
    11. Robinson, Peter M. & Rossi, Francesca, 2015. "Refined Tests For Spatial Correlation," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 31(6), pages 1249-1280, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jieun Lee, 2022. "Testing Endogeneity of Spatial Weights Matrices in Spatial Dynamic Panel Data Models," Papers 2209.05563, arXiv.org.
    2. Ye Yang & Osman Doğan & Süleyman Taşpınar, 2023. "Observed-data DIC for spatial panel data models," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 64(3), pages 1281-1314, March.
    3. Qi Li & Vasilis Sarafidis & Joakim Westerlund, 2021. "Essays in honor of Professor Badi H Baltagi," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 60(1), pages 1-11, January.
    4. Li, Qi & Sarafidis, Vasilis & Westerlund, Joakim, 2020. "Essays in Honor of Professor Badi H Baltagi: Editorial," MPRA Paper 104751, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Adjusted quasi scores; Dynamic effect; Fixed effects; Heteroskedasticity; Initial conditions; Nonnormality; Short panels; Tests; Spatial effects;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C12 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Hypothesis Testing: General
    • C18 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Methodolical Issues: General
    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models

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