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Factors Associated With Temporal and Spatial Patterns in Suicide Rates Across U.S. States, 1976–2000

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  • Julie Phillips

Abstract

Using pooled cross-sectional time-series data for the 50 U.S. states over a 25-year period, this article examines how well four conceptual groups of social correlates—demographic, economic, social, and cultural factors—are associated with the 1976–2000 patterns in overall suicide rates and suicide by firearms and other means. Unlike past research that typically considers only one dimension, this analysis differentiates between spatial and temporal variation in suicide rates to determine whether and how social correlates operate differently in these two contexts. Results indicate that suicide rates correspond closely to social correlates. Within U.S. states, lower overall suicide rates between 1976 and 2000 were associated with demographic change (e.g., larger numbers of foreign-born) as well as with fewer numbers of Episcopalians. Across U.S. states, variation in overall suicide rates over the period was related to demographic (percentage male), economic (per capita income), social (percentage divorced), and cultural (alcohol consumption and gun ownership) factors. However, findings differ importantly by type of suicide, and across time and space. Reasons for these distinct patterns are discussed. Copyright Population Association of America 2013

Suggested Citation

  • Julie Phillips, 2013. "Factors Associated With Temporal and Spatial Patterns in Suicide Rates Across U.S. States, 1976–2000," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 50(2), pages 591-614, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:demogr:v:50:y:2013:i:2:p:591-614
    DOI: 10.1007/s13524-012-0176-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ajdacic-Gross, V. & Killias, M. & Hepp, U. & Gadola, E. & Bopp, M. & Lauber, C. & Schnyder, U. & Gutzwiller, F. & Rössler, W., 2006. "Changing times: A longitudinal analysis of international firearm suicide data," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 96(10), pages 1752-1755.
    2. Gunnell, David & Middleton, Nicos & Whitley, Elise & Dorling, Daniel & Frankel, Stephen, 2003. "Why are suicide rates rising in young men but falling in the elderly?--a time-series analysis of trends in England and Wales 1950-1998," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 57(4), pages 595-611, August.
    3. Florentine, Julia Buus & Crane, Catherine, 2010. "Suicide prevention by limiting access to methods: A review of theory and practice," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(10), pages 1626-1632, May.
    4. Pridemore, W.A. & Snowden, A.J., 2009. "Reduction in suicide mortality following a new national alcohol policy in Slovenia: An interrupted time-series analysis," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 99(5), pages 915-920.
    5. Peter Kennedy, 2003. "A Guide to Econometrics, 5th Edition," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 5, volume 1, number 026261183x, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Phillips, Julie A., 2014. "A changing epidemiology of suicide? The influence of birth cohorts on suicide rates in the United States," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 151-160.
    2. Abdul Munasib & Genti Kostandini & Jeffrey L. Jordan, 2018. "Impact of the Stand Your Ground law on gun deaths: evidence of a rural urban dichotomy," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 45(3), pages 527-554, June.
    3. Balestra, Simone, 2018. "Gun prevalence and suicide," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 163-177.

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