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Global convergence of modified multiplicative updates for nonnegative matrix factorization

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  • Norikazu Takahashi
  • Ryota Hibi

Abstract

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is the problem of approximating a given nonnegative matrix by the product of two nonnegative matrices. The multiplicative updates proposed by Lee and Seung are widely used as efficient computational methods for NMF. However, the global convergence of these updates is not formally guaranteed because they are not defined for all pairs of nonnegative matrices. In this paper, we consider slightly modified versions of the original multiplicative updates and study their global convergence properties. The only difference between the modified updates and the original ones is that the former do not allow variables to take values less than a user-specified positive constant. Using Zangwill’s global convergence theorem, we prove that any sequence of solutions generated by either of those modified updates has at least one convergent subsequence and the limit of any convergent subsequence is a stationary point of the corresponding optimization problem. Furthermore, we propose algorithms based on the modified updates that always stop within a finite number of iterations. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014

Suggested Citation

  • Norikazu Takahashi & Ryota Hibi, 2014. "Global convergence of modified multiplicative updates for nonnegative matrix factorization," Computational Optimization and Applications, Springer, vol. 57(2), pages 417-440, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:coopap:v:57:y:2014:i:2:p:417-440
    DOI: 10.1007/s10589-013-9593-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. GILLIS, Nicolas & GLINEUR, François, 2008. "Nonnegative factorization and the maximum edge biclique problem," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2008064, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    2. GILLIS, Nicolas & GLINEUR, François, 2011. "Accelerated multiplicative updates and hierarchical als algorithms for nonnegative matrix factorization," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2011030, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    3. Daniel D. Lee & H. Sebastian Seung, 1999. "Learning the parts of objects by non-negative matrix factorization," Nature, Nature, vol. 401(6755), pages 788-791, October.
    4. Berry, Michael W. & Browne, Murray & Langville, Amy N. & Pauca, V. Paul & Plemmons, Robert J., 2007. "Algorithms and applications for approximate nonnegative matrix factorization," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 155-173, September.
    5. Michael W. Berry & Murray Browne, 2005. "Email Surveillance Using Non-negative Matrix Factorization," Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, Springer, vol. 11(3), pages 249-264, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Norikazu Takahashi & Jiro Katayama & Masato Seki & Jun’ichi Takeuchi, 2018. "A unified global convergence analysis of multiplicative update rules for nonnegative matrix factorization," Computational Optimization and Applications, Springer, vol. 71(1), pages 221-250, September.
    2. Gillis, Nicolas & Glineur, François & Tuyttens, Daniel & Vandaele, Arnaud, 2015. "Heuristics for exact nonnegative matrix factorization," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2015006, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    3. Takehiro Sano & Tsuyoshi Migita & Norikazu Takahashi, 2022. "A novel update rule of HALS algorithm for nonnegative matrix factorization and Zangwill’s global convergence," Journal of Global Optimization, Springer, vol. 84(3), pages 755-781, November.
    4. He, Dongxiao & Wang, Hongcui & Jin, Di & Liu, Baolin, 2016. "A model framework for the enhancement of community detection in complex networks," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 461(C), pages 602-612.

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