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Warming winters threaten peripheral Arctic charr populations of Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Seán Kelly

    (Dundalk Institute of Technology)

  • Tadhg N. Moore

    (Dundalk Institute of Technology)

  • Elvira Eyto

    (Marine Institute)

  • Mary Dillane

    (Marine Institute)

  • Chloé Goulon

    (University of Savoie Mont Blanc, INRAE, CARRTEL)

  • Jean Guillard

    (University of Savoie Mont Blanc, INRAE, CARRTEL)

  • Emilien Lasne

    (ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRAE)

  • Phil McGinnity

    (Marine Institute
    University College Cork)

  • Russell Poole

    (Marine Institute)

  • Ian J. Winfield

    (Lancaster Environment Centre)

  • R. Iestyn Woolway

    (ECSAT)

  • Eleanor Jennings

    (Dundalk Institute of Technology)

Abstract

As the global climate warms, the fate of lacustrine fish is of huge concern, especially given their sensitivity as ectotherms to changes in water temperature. The Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) is a salmonid with a Holarctic distribution, with peripheral populations persisting at temperate latitudes, where it is found only in sufficiently cold, deep lakes. Thus, warmer temperatures in these habitats particularly during early life stages could have catastrophic consequences on population dynamics. Here, we combined lake temperature observations, a 1-D hydrodynamic model, and a multi-decadal climate reanalysis to show coherence in warming winter water temperatures in four European charr lakes near the southernmost limit of the species’ distribution. Current maximum and mean winter temperatures are on average ~ 1 °C warmer compared to early the 1980s, and temperatures of 8.5 °C, adverse for high charr egg survival, have frequently been exceeded in recent winters. Simulations of winter lake temperatures toward century-end showed that these warming trends will continue, with further increases of 3–4 °C projected. An additional 324 total accumulated degree-days during winter is projected on average across lakes, which could impair egg quality and viability. We suggest that the perpetuating winter warming trends shown here will imperil the future status of these lakes as charr refugia and generally do not augur well for the fate of coldwater-adapted lake fish in a warming climate.

Suggested Citation

  • Seán Kelly & Tadhg N. Moore & Elvira Eyto & Mary Dillane & Chloé Goulon & Jean Guillard & Emilien Lasne & Phil McGinnity & Russell Poole & Ian J. Winfield & R. Iestyn Woolway & Eleanor Jennings, 2020. "Warming winters threaten peripheral Arctic charr populations of Europe," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 163(1), pages 599-618, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:climat:v:163:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1007_s10584-020-02887-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-020-02887-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. R. Iestyn Woolway & Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer & Martin Schmid & Martin T. Dokulil & Elvira Eyto & Stephen C. Maberly & Linda May & Christopher J. Merchant, 2019. "Substantial increase in minimum lake surface temperatures under climate change," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 155(1), pages 81-94, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Thomas Changeux & Philippe Boisneau & Nicolas Stolzenberg & Chloé Goulon, 2024. "A long term overview of freshwater fisheries in France," Post-Print hal-04244953, HAL.

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