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Climatic changes and the fate of mountain herbivores

Author

Listed:
  • Sandro Lovari

    (University of Siena
    Maremma Natural History Museum)

  • Sara Franceschi

    (University of Siena)

  • Gianpasquale Chiatante

    (University of Pavia)

  • Lorenzo Fattorini

    (University of Siena)

  • Niccolò Fattorini

    (University of Siena)

  • Francesco Ferretti

    (University of Siena)

Abstract

Mountains are strongly seasonal habitats, which require special adaptations in wildlife species living on them. Population dynamics of mountain ungulates are largely determined by the availability of rich food resources to sustain lactation and weaning during summer. Increases of temperature affect plant phenology and nutritional quality. Cold-adapted plants occurring at lower elevations will shift to higher ones, if available. We predicted what could happen to populations of mountain ungulates based on how climate change could alter the distribution pattern and quality of high-elevation vegetation, using the “clover community-Apennine chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata” system. From 1970 to 2014, increasing spring temperatures (2 °C) in our study area led to an earlier (25 days) onset of green-up in Alpine grasslands between 1700 and 2000 m, but not higher up. For 1970–2070, we have projected trends of juvenile winter survival of chamois, by simulating trajectories of spring temperatures and occurrence of clover, through models depicting four different scenarios. All scenarios have suggested a decline of Apennine chamois in its historical core range, during the next 50 years, from about 28% to near-extinction at about 95%. The negative consequences of climate changes presently occurring at lower elevations will shift to higher ones in the future. Their effects will vary with the species-specific ecological and behavioural flexibility of mountain ungulates, as well as with availability of climate refugia. However, global shifts in distributional ranges and local decreases or extinctions should be expected, calling for farsighted measures of adaptive management of mountain-dwelling herbivores.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandro Lovari & Sara Franceschi & Gianpasquale Chiatante & Lorenzo Fattorini & Niccolò Fattorini & Francesco Ferretti, 2020. "Climatic changes and the fate of mountain herbivores," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 162(4), pages 2319-2337, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:climat:v:162:y:2020:i:4:d:10.1007_s10584-020-02801-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-020-02801-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tom H.E. Mason & Francesca Brivio & Philip A. Stephens & Marco Apollonio & Stefano Grignolio, 2017. "The behavioral trade-off between thermoregulation and foraging in a heat-sensitive species," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 28(3), pages 908-918.
    2. Francesco Ferretti & Marcello Corazza & Ilaria Campana & Venusta Pietrocini & Claudia Brunetti & Davide Scornavacca & Sandro Lovari, 2015. "Competition between wild herbivores: reintroduced red deer and Apennine chamois," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 26(2), pages 550-559.
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    4. Paul R. Elsen & Morgan W. Tingley, 2015. "Global mountain topography and the fate of montane species under climate change," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 5(8), pages 772-776, August.
    5. Terry L. Root & Jeff T. Price & Kimberly R. Hall & Stephen H. Schneider & Cynthia Rosenzweig & J. Alan Pounds, 2003. "Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants," Nature, Nature, vol. 421(6918), pages 57-60, January.
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