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A brief history of time, space, and growth: Waldo Tobler’s first law of geography revisited

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  • Hans Westlund

Abstract

In the current knowledge economy, the most important production factor, human knowledge, is much more mobile than the dominating production factors of previous periods. This means that theories of spatial development, formulated during the manufacturing-industrial era, might not be wholly applicable today. One of the basic assumptions of spatial theory is formulated in Waldo Tobler’s first law of geography: “everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things.” This article discusses the validity of this law in today’s knowledge economy. While several factors have made distance less important, a crucial factor for innovation and growth—tacit knowledge—is still highly dependent on face-to-face contacts. This suggests that Waldo Tobler’s first law of geography plays an important role also in the knowledge economy. Copyright Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013

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  • Hans Westlund, 2013. "A brief history of time, space, and growth: Waldo Tobler’s first law of geography revisited," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 51(3), pages 917-924, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:anresc:v:51:y:2013:i:3:p:917-924
    DOI: 10.1007/s00168-013-0571-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hans Westlund, 2006. "Social Capital in the Knowledge Economy," Advances in Spatial Science, Springer, number 978-3-540-35366-9, december.
    2. Douglass C. North, 1955. "Location Theory and Regional Economic Growth," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 63(3), pages 243-243.
    3. Börje Johansson & John M. Quigley, 2004. "Agglomeration and networks in spatial economies," Advances in Spatial Science, in: Raymond J. G. M. Florax & David A. Plane (ed.), Fifty Years of Regional Science, pages 165-176, Springer.
    4. Diana Mok & Barry Wellman & Juan Carrasco, 2010. "Does Distance Matter in the Age of the Internet?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 47(13), pages 2747-2783, November.
    5. Åke E. Andersson, 1986. "The Four Logistical Revolutions," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 59(1), pages 1-12, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wei Qiu & Yinghua Li & Haitao Wu, 2023. "The role of direct financing on regional green development: inhibition or promotion?," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(5), pages 3665-3699, October.
    2. Iréne Bernhard, 2016. "Innovation focusing on regional development in a European context - towards a new research agenda," International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 7(1), pages 1-19.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    F00; O10; O30; N00; R11; D83;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F00 - International Economics - - General - - - General
    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General
    • O30 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - General
    • N00 - Economic History - - General - - - General
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
    • D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness

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