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Modele funkcjonowania i nadzoru państwa nad przedsiębiorstwami państwowymi

Author

Listed:
  • Maciej Bałtowski
  • Grzegorz Kwiatkowski

Abstract

Przedsiębiorstwa państwowe są i prawdopodobnie nadal pozostaną istotnym elementem współczesnych systemów gospodarczych, szczególnie w krajach postsocjalistycznych oraz rozwijających się. Analiza istniejących w różnych krajach zasad funkcjonowania sektora przedsiębiorstw państwowych, jak i zasad realizowania przez państwo funkcji właścicielskiej, wskazuje na ich wielkie zróżnicowanie. Celem artykułu jest próba modelowego ujęcia tego zróżnicowania. Analizy modelowej dokonano z jednej strony według kryteriów genezy (źródła, pochodzenia) przedsiębiorstw państwowych oraz zadań formułowanych wobec nich przez państwowego właściciela, z reguły związanych z pełnionymi przez nie funkcjami pozaekonomicznymi. Z tej perspektywy wyróżniono sześć modeli własności państwowej w współczesnej gospodarce: model anglosaski, europejski (kontynentalny), postsocjalistyczny, chiński, rosyjski oraz model gospodarek wschodzących. Z drugiej strony analiza została przeprowadzona według kryterium zasad i narzędzi realizowania przez państwo funkcji właścicielskich. W tym ujęciu opisano model zdecentralizowany, dualny oraz scentralizowany nadzoru właścicielskiego. Dodatkowo rozważono podział modeli nadzoru według wielkości udziałów państwa we własności przedsiębiorstw, a także sposoby sprawowania przez państwo faktycznej kontroli korporacyjnej przy posiadaniu udziałów mniejszościowych. W końcowej części artykułu zostały sformułowane wnioski i rekomendacje odnoszące się do gospodarki polskiej. Dotyczą one określenia pożądanego kształtu (zakresu, wielkości) domeny państwowej w gospodarce, a także opracowania właściwego, skutecznego systemu nadzoru właścicielskiego państwa, który – naszym zdaniem – powinien opierać się na najlepszych doświadczeniach światowych.

Suggested Citation

  • Maciej Bałtowski & Grzegorz Kwiatkowski, 2014. "Modele funkcjonowania i nadzoru państwa nad przedsiębiorstwami państwowymi," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 4, pages 5-26.
  • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2014:i:4:p:5-26
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Katarzyna Szarzec & Wanda Nowara & Mirosława Żurek, 2017. "Forma własności a wyniki ekonomiczne największych przedsiębiorstw krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 3, pages 89-114.
    2. Dominik Aziewicz, 2020. "Koncepcje reformy systemu nadzoru nad spółkami z udziałem Skarbu Państwa w Polsce," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 4, pages 135-157.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    przedsiębiorstwa państwowe; własność państwowa; nadzór właścicielski państwa; systemy ekonomiczne;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L32 - Industrial Organization - - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise - - - Public Enterprises; Public-Private Enterprises

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