IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/scn/econom/y2019i2p137-146.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Налоговое стимулирование развития человеческого капитала: состояние и перспективы // Tax Incentives for Human Capital Development: the State of Things and Prospects

Author

Listed:
  • M. Pinskaya R.

    (Financial University, Moscow)

  • М. Пинская Р.

    (Финансовый университет,Москва)

Abstract

The subject of the research is tax incentives aimed at the development of human capital. The object of the research is the factors that influence investment in human resources. The purposes of the research were to summarize the Russian practice of labor remuneration taxation in the part of providing social tax offsets to the personal income tax (PIT); insurance premiums; revealing shortcomings of the practice and developing proposals for their elimination. The novelty of the research is the fact that, unlike the existing numerous studies on this subject, the paper gives assessment of the nature of innovations in the tax system through the prism of the government support of labor as a factor of production. The research methodology is based on general cognitive methods (deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, analogy, observation, description and generalization). In the course of the analysis, the data of statistical tax reporting documents of the Federal Tax Service on social tax offsets for training and medical treatment provided to PIT taxpayers were used. The factors distorting the reliability of the human capital assessment are exposed: differentiation in the labor remuneration levels and the size of cash incomes, low potential of employees’ mobility. The trends in the provision of social tax offsets for training and medical treatment are revealed. It is concluded that tax incentives for the development of human capital should include reduction of the tax burden on labor through expanding the system of tax offsets and introduction of family taxation rather than establishing the progressive scale of tax rates. It is proved that the introduction of the professional income tax for self-employed citizens should be considered as a factor in reducing informal employment by creating favorable conditions for tax administration of businesses. Предметом анализа является налоговое стимулирование развития человеческого капитала. Объектом исследования выступают факторы, оказывающие влияние на инвестиции в человеческие ресурсы. Цели статьи — обобщение российской практики налогообложения оплаты труда в части предоставления социальных налоговых вычетов по налогу на доходы физических лиц (НДФЛ), страховых взносов, выявление ее недостатков и разработка предложений по их устранению. Новизна проведенного исследования заключается в том, что, в отличие от имеющихся многочисленных работ по данной проблематике, в статье проведена оценка характера новаций в налоговой системе через призму государственной поддержки развития труда как фактора производства. Методология исследования базируется на общих методах познания (дедукция и индукция, анализ и синтез, аналогия, наблюдение, описание и обобщение). В ходе проведения анализа привлекались данные статистической налоговой отчетности Федеральной налоговой службы о социальных налоговых вычетах на обучение и лечение, предоставляемых налогоплательщикам НДФЛ. Выявлены факторы, искажающие достоверность оценки человеческого капитала: наличие дифференциации в уровне оплаты труда и размере денежных доходов населения, низкий потенциал мобильности работников. Вскрыты тенденции в предоставлении социальных вычетов на обучение и лечение. Сделан вывод о том, что потенциал налогового стимулирования развития человеческого капитала следует искать в снижении налоговой нагрузки на труд за счет расширения системы налоговых вычетов и введения семейного налогообложения, а не в установлении прогрессивной шкалы налоговых ставок. Обосновано, что введение налога на профессиональный доход самозанятых граждан следует рассматривать как фактор снижения неформальной занятости населения за счет создания благоприятных условий налогового администрирования ведения бизнеса.

Suggested Citation

  • M. Pinskaya R. & М. Пинская Р., 2019. "Налоговое стимулирование развития человеческого капитала: состояние и перспективы // Tax Incentives for Human Capital Development: the State of Things and Prospects," Экономика. Налоги. Право // Economics, taxes & law, ФГОБУ "Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации" // Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation, vol. 12(2), pages 137-146.
  • Handle: RePEc:scn:econom:y:2019:i:2:p:137-146
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://economy.fa.ru/jour/article/viewFile/514/487.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lance Lochner & Alexander Monge-Naranjo, 2012. "Credit Constraints in Education," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 4(1), pages 225-256, July.
    2. Durlauf, Steven N & Johnson, Paul A, 1995. "Multiple Regimes and Cross-Country Growth Behaviour," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 10(4), pages 365-384, Oct.-Dec..
    3. Jacob A. Mincer, 1974. "Schooling, Experience, and Earnings," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number minc74-1.
    4. Jacob A. Mincer, 1974. "Schooling and Earnings," NBER Chapters, in: Schooling, Experience, and Earnings, pages 41-63, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Theodore Koutmeridis, 2013. "The Market for "Rough Diamonds": Information, Finance and Wage Inequality," CDMA Working Paper Series 201307, Centre for Dynamic Macroeconomic Analysis, revised 14 Oct 2013.
    2. Zhang, Xiaobei & Wang, Xiaojun, 2021. "Measures of human capital and the mechanics of economic growth," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    3. Michael S. Delgado & Daniel J. Henderson & Christopher F. Parmeter, 2014. "Does Education Matter for Economic Growth?," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 76(3), pages 334-359, June.
    4. Chumacero Rómulo A., 2006. "On the Power of Absolute Convergence Tests," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 10(2), pages 1-25, May.
    5. Brunello, Giorgio & Weber, Guglielmo & Weiss, Christoph T., 2012. "Books Are Forever: Early Life Conditions, Education and Lifetime Income," IZA Discussion Papers 6386, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Jared Ashworth & V. Joseph Hotz & Arnaud Maurel & Tyler Ransom, 2021. "Changes across Cohorts in Wage Returns to Schooling and Early Work Experiences," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 39(4), pages 931-964.
    7. W. Bentley MacLeod & Evan Riehl & Juan E. Saavedra & Miguel Urquiola, 2017. "The Big Sort: College Reputation and Labor Market Outcomes," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 9(3), pages 223-261, July.
    8. Bradley Hardy, 2014. "Childhood Income Volatility and Adult Outcomes," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 51(5), pages 1641-1665, October.
    9. repec:awi:wpaper:0480 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Brodaty, Thomas & Gary-Bobo, Robert J. & Prieto, Ana, 2014. "Do risk aversion and wages explain educational choices?," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 125-148.
    11. Giorgio Brunello & Guglielmo Weber & Christoph T. Weiss, 2017. "Books are Forever: Early Life Conditions, Education and Lifetime Earnings in Europe," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 127(600), pages 271-296, March.
    12. Ulrich Reuter, 2006. "What Kind of Education Does China Need?: The Impact of Educational Attainment on Local Growth and Disparities," WIDER Working Paper Series RP2006-127, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    13. Andreas Irmen, 2008. "Cross-Country Income Differences and Technology Diffusion in a Competitive World," CESifo Working Paper Series 2504, CESifo.
    14. Paul W. Miller & Barry R. Chiswick, 2002. "Immigrant earnings: Language skills, linguistic concentrations and the business cycle," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 15(1), pages 31-57.
    15. Katarzyna Growiec & Jakub Growiec, 2016. "Bridging Social Capital and Individual Earnings: Evidence for an Inverted U," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 127(2), pages 601-631, June.
    16. Shweta Bahl & Ajay Sharma, 2021. "Education–Occupation Mismatch and Dispersion in Returns to Education: Evidence from India," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 153(1), pages 251-298, January.
    17. Kaspar W thrich, 2013. "Set Identification of Generalized Linear Predictors in the Presence of Non-Classical Measurement Errors," Diskussionsschriften dp1304, Universitaet Bern, Departement Volkswirtschaft.
    18. Sebastian Stolorz, 2005. "A Test of the Signalling Hypothesis - Evidence from Natural Experiment," Labor and Demography 0512008, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Schultz, T. Paul, 2009. "The Gender and Generational Consequences of the Demographic Transition and Population Policy: An Assessment of the Micro and Macro Linkages," Working Papers 71, Yale University, Department of Economics.
    20. Emanuela di Gropello, 2006. "Meeting the Challenges of Secondary Education in Latin America and East Asia : Improving Efficiency and Resource Mobilization," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 7173.
    21. Aidis, Ruta & van Praag, Mirjam, 2007. "Illegal entrepreneurship experience: Does it make a difference for business performance and motivation?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 283-310, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:scn:econom:y:2019:i:2:p:137-146. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Алексей Скалабан (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://economy.fa.ru .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.