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The Exclusive Nature of Inclusive Productive Employment in the Rural Areas of Northern Ethiopia

Author

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  • Crelis F Rammelt

    (Utrecht University, the Netherlands)

  • Maggi Leung

    (Utrecht University, the Netherlands)

  • Kebede Manjur Gebru

    (Mekelle University, Ethiopia)

Abstract

Inclusiveness, with its emphasis on productive employment, has become central in development policy. From this perspective, unwaged-work is condemned for not being sufficiently productive; that is, for failing to lift incomes above a poverty threshold. However, insights from the sociology of work reveal a range of unwaged activities that are potentially highly productive in their contribution to self-reliance. The article explores whether these activities are undermined by the promotion of inclusiveness. The case study takes place in Tigray, Ethiopia. Through semi-structured interviews, the activities of different households were classified according to a typology of work based on the work of Gorz, Illich, Wheelock, Taylor, Williams and others. Results show the heterogeneous character of work and shed light on the meaning of productivity. The article ends with a discussion on the risk that inclusiveness may be achieved by replacing activities ‘that count’ with activities ‘that can be counted’.

Suggested Citation

  • Crelis F Rammelt & Maggi Leung & Kebede Manjur Gebru, 2018. "The Exclusive Nature of Inclusive Productive Employment in the Rural Areas of Northern Ethiopia," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 32(6), pages 1044-1060, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:woemps:v:32:y:2018:i:6:p:1044-1060
    DOI: 10.1177/0950017017716882
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Luisella Goldschmidt-Clermont and Elisabetta Pagnossin-Aligisakis, 1995. "Measures of Unrecorded Economic Activities in Fourteen Countries," Human Development Occasional Papers (1992-2007) HDOCPA-1995-02, Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
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    3. Breman, Jan, 2013. "At Work in the Informal Economy of India: A Perspective from the Bottom Up," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198090342.
    4. Colin C Williams & Sara Nadin, 2012. "Work beyond employment: representations of informal economic activities," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 26(2), pages 1-10, April.
    5. Colin C. WILLIAMS & Mark A. LANSKY, 2013. "Informal employment in developed and developing economies: Perspectives and policy responses," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 152(3-4), pages 355-380, December.
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