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Describing Inequalities in Access to Employment and the Associated Geography of Wellbeing

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  • Kenneth Gibb
  • Liv Osland
  • Gwilym Pryce

Abstract

This paper addresses three questions. How unequal is access to urban employment and the wellbeing associated with it? What is the monetary value consumers place on access? How does the inequality of access correspond to the geographical pattern of unemployment? A novel approach is developed using the Osland and Pryce house price model to estimate the monetary value of access welfare (MVAW)—the wellbeing associated with living a given distance from employment, taking into account the negative externalities associated with centres of employment and the complexities that arise from the existence of multiple employment centres of varying size. It is found that: MVAW is considerably more unequal than house prices or income; MVAW contributes around 13 per cent of the average value of a house; and the spatial pattern of unemployment rates is highly inelastic with respect to both MVAW and employment, suggesting no evidence of a spatial mismatch.

Suggested Citation

  • Kenneth Gibb & Liv Osland & Gwilym Pryce, 2014. "Describing Inequalities in Access to Employment and the Associated Geography of Wellbeing," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 51(3), pages 596-613, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:51:y:2014:i:3:p:596-613
    DOI: 10.1177/0042098013498283
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    Cited by:

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    3. Mingming Cai & Yaolin Liu & Minghai Luo & Lijun Xing & Yanfang Liu, 2019. "Job Accessibility from a Multiple Commuting Circles Perspective Using Baidu Location Data: A Case Study of Wuhan, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-18, November.
    4. Lingqian Hu, 2017. "Job accessibility and employment outcomes: which income groups benefit the most?," Transportation, Springer, vol. 44(6), pages 1421-1443, November.
    5. Janeria Easley, 2018. "Spatial mismatch beyond black and white: Levels and determinants of job access among Asian and Hispanic subpopulations," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 55(8), pages 1800-1820, June.
    6. Zhengyi Zhou & Hong Chen & Lu Han & Anming Zhang, 2021. "The Effect of a Subway on House Prices: Evidence from Shanghai," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 49(S1), pages 199-234, March.
    7. Ana Maria Bonomi Barufi & Eduardo Amaral Haddad, 2017. "Spatial mismatch, wages and unemployment in metropolitan areas in Brazil," REGION, European Regional Science Association, vol. 4, pages 175-200.
    8. Zhu, Le & Shi, Fei, 2022. "Spatial and social inequalities of job accessibility in Kunshan city, China: Application of the Amap API and mobile phone signaling data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    9. Bonomi Barufi, Ana Maria & Amaral Haddad, Eduardo, 2016. "Spatial Mismatch, Wages and Unemployment in Brazilian Metropolitan Areas," TD NEREUS 9-2016, Núcleo de Economia Regional e Urbana da Universidade de São Paulo (NEREUS).
    10. Merlin, Louis A. & Hu, Lingqian, 2017. "Does competition matter in measures of job accessibility? Explaining employment in Los Angeles," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 77-88.

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