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Mobilising Urban Policies: The Policy Transfer of US Business Improvement Districts to England and Wales

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  • Ian R. Cook

    (Geography Discipline, School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester, Arthur Lewis Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK, ianrobertcook@yahoo.co.uk)

Abstract

This paper examines the ways in which policies are transferred between places: how they are disembedded from, and re-embedded into, new political, economic and social contexts. To do this, the paper will draw upon a case study of the transfer of Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) from the US to England and Wales. Within this, the paper demonstrates how they were a response to fiscal problems facing city-centre management in England and Wales; how US BIDs were socially constructed as `successful' and `transferable'; and how the BID `model' was reshaped prior to and following its rolling-out in England and Wales. The paper concludes by stressing six wider conceptual points about the nature of urban policy transfer.

Suggested Citation

  • Ian R. Cook, 2008. "Mobilising Urban Policies: The Policy Transfer of US Business Improvement Districts to England and Wales," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 45(4), pages 773-795, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:45:y:2008:i:4:p:773-795
    DOI: 10.1177/0042098007088468
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kevin Ward, 2006. "‘Policies in Motion’, Urban Management and State Restructuring: The Trans‐Local Expansion of Business Improvement Districts," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(1), pages 54-75, March.
    2. Paul R. Levy, 2001. "Paying for the Public Life," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 15(2), pages 124-131, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ian R. Cook & Stephen V. Ward & Kevin Ward, 2014. "A Springtime Journey to the Soviet Union: Postwar Planning and Policy Mobilities through the Iron Curtain," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(3), pages 805-822, May.
    2. Medda, Francesca, 2012. "Land value capture finance for transport accessibility: a review," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 154-161.
    3. Tom Baker & Cristina Temenos, 2015. "Urban Policy Mobilities Research: Introduction to a Debate," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(4), pages 824-827, July.
    4. Jane M. Jacobs & Loretta Lees, 2013. "Defensible Space on the Move: Revisiting the Urban Geography of Alice Coleman," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(5), pages 1559-1583, September.
    5. Andrew Harris & Susan Moore, 2013. "Planning Histories and Practices of Circulating Urban Knowledge," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(5), pages 1499-1509, September.
    6. Michael Janoschka & Jorge Sequera & Luis Salinas, 2014. "Gentrification in Spain and Latin America — a Critical Dialogue," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(4), pages 1234-1265, July.

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