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Correcting for Sample Selection Bias in Stated Preference Tourist Surveys

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  • Alexandros Apostolakis
  • Shabbar Jaffry

Abstract

This paper makes novel use of Heckman's sample selection methodology in modelling tourists' choices for cultural heritage attractions. The data used were collected as part of a discrete choice experiment which examined tourists' preferences for two heritage sites: the Knossos Palace and the Heraklion Archaeological Museum, both located on the island of Crete. In particular, the study addresses the possible discrepancies that may have arisen from the fact that the sample population may not have been random, but rather selected systematically as a result of the unobserved effect of the repeat visitation phenomenon. The empirical evidence presented suggests that the correction for sample selection provides a venue for further target audience selection for managers and policy makers. In particular, the main implication to emerge from the analysis is that the two heritage attractions, contrary to the general perception, are part of a tourism demand continuum. As a result, policy makers can capitalize on tourists' different perceptions in their promotion strategies for the two attractions by promoting the Heraklion Archaeological Museum to first-time visitors and the Knossos Palace to repeat visitors to Crete.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexandros Apostolakis & Shabbar Jaffry, 2006. "Correcting for Sample Selection Bias in Stated Preference Tourist Surveys," Tourism Economics, , vol. 12(3), pages 451-468, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:toueco:v:12:y:2006:i:3:p:451-468
    DOI: 10.5367/000000006778493600
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Twan Huybers & Jeff Bennett, 2000. "Impact of the Environment on Holiday Destination Choices of Prospective UK Tourists: Implications for Tropical North Queensland," Tourism Economics, , vol. 6(1), pages 21-46, March.
    2. Randall, Alan, 1998. "Beyond the crucial experiment: mapping the performance characteristics of contingent valuation," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 197-206, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Aline Chiabai & Stephen Platt & Wadim Strielkowski, 2014. "Eliciting Users' Preferences for Cultural Heritage and Tourism-Related E-Services: A Tale of Three European Cities," Tourism Economics, , vol. 20(2), pages 263-277, April.
    2. María M. Carballo & Jorge E. Araña & Carmelo J. León & Sergio Moreno-Gil, 2015. "Economic Valuation of Tourism Destination Image," Tourism Economics, , vol. 21(4), pages 741-759, August.
    3. Massimiliano Castellani & Pierpaolo Pattitoni & Laura Vici, 2015. "Pricing Visitor Preferences for Temporary Art Exhibitions," Tourism Economics, , vol. 21(1), pages 83-103, February.
    4. Sheng-Ping Yang & Annette Ryerson, 2011. "Correcting for Selectivity Bias in the Estimation of Tourist Spending Surveys," Tourism Economics, , vol. 17(6), pages 1165-1179, December.

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