IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/sagope/v2y2012i2p2158244012444281.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Systems Theory of Autistogenesis

Author

Listed:
  • J. Patrick Malone

Abstract

The systems theory of autistogenesis accounts for genetic and environmental predisposing factors for pervasive developmental disorders. During development, regions of the brain myelinate differentially, even while neuroinflammatory events induce neurological damage. Incorrect dietary ratios of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to arachidonic acid (AA) promote developmental aberration characteristic of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and commercial infant formulae possesses DHA/AA ratios unsuitable for normal brain development in those predisposed. The aromatase gene regulates DHA/AA metabolism and represents a potential biomarker for ASD. Aromatase converts testosterone to estradiol. Estradiol is neuroprotective and a modulator of oxytocin receptors deficient in autism. Neuroprotective DHA is not well synthesized in males and is regulated by estradiol. Therefore, converging evidence indicates that any disturbance to the autistogenic system linking environment to neurobiology and genetics is capable of inducing developmental disorders with gender disparity.

Suggested Citation

  • J. Patrick Malone, 2012. "The Systems Theory of Autistogenesis," SAGE Open, , vol. 2(2), pages 21582440124, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:2:y:2012:i:2:p:2158244012444281
    DOI: 10.1177/2158244012444281
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2158244012444281
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/2158244012444281?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jim van Os & Gunter Kenis & Bart P. F. Rutten, 2010. "The environment and schizophrenia," Nature, Nature, vol. 468(7321), pages 203-212, November.
    2. Jeannie T. Lee, 2003. "Complicity of gene and pseudogene," Nature, Nature, vol. 423(6935), pages 26-28, May.
    3. Laura Poliseno & Leonardo Salmena & Jiangwen Zhang & Brett Carver & William J. Haveman & Pier Paolo Pandolfi, 2010. "A coding-independent function of gene and pseudogene mRNAs regulates tumour biology," Nature, Nature, vol. 465(7301), pages 1033-1038, June.
    4. Dominique J.-F. de Quervain & Benno Roozendaal & James L. McGaugh, 1998. "Stress and glucocorticoids impair retrieval of long-term spatial memory," Nature, Nature, vol. 394(6695), pages 787-790, August.
    5. Rizzolatti, Giacomo & Destro, Maddalena Fabbri, 2007. "Understanding Actions and the Intentions of Others: The Basic Neural Mechanism," European Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(2), pages 209-222, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. J. Patrick Malone, 2013. "Phenotypic Plasticity, CYP19A1 Pleiotropy, and Maladaptive Selection in Developmental Disorders," SAGE Open, , vol. 3(2), pages 21582440134, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Brittany E Evans & Anja C Huizink & Kirstin Greaves-Lord & Joke H M Tulen & Karin Roelofs & Jan van der Ende, 2020. "Urbanicity, biological stress system functioning and mental health in adolescents," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(3), pages 1-24, March.
    2. Elliot H. Akama-Garren & Theo Broek & Lea Simoni & Carlos Castrillon & Cees E. Poel & Michael C. Carroll, 2021. "Follicular T cells are clonally and transcriptionally distinct in B cell-driven mouse autoimmune disease," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-19, December.
    3. Christine Bertram & Jan Goebel & Christian Krekel & Katrin Rehdanz, 2022. "Urban Land Use Fragmentation and Human Well-Being," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 98(2), pages 399-420.
    4. Nofsinger, John R. & Patterson, Fernando M. & Shank, Corey A., 2018. "Decision-making, financial risk aversion, and behavioral biases: The role of testosterone and stress," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 1-16.
    5. Xiaxia Xu & Lingzhen Song & Rebecca Kringel & Ileana L. Hanganu-Opatz, 2021. "Developmental decrease of entorhinal-hippocampal communication in immune-challenged DISC1 knockdown mice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, December.
    6. Tian Zhang & Jun Li & Hao Yu & Yongyong Shi & Zhiqiang Li & Linyan Wang & Ziqi Wang & Tianlan Lu & Lifang Wang & Weihua Yue & Dai Zhang, 2018. "Meta-analysis of GABRB2 polymorphisms and the risk of schizophrenia combined with GWAS data of the Han Chinese population and psychiatric genomics consortium," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(6), pages 1-12, June.
    7. Luca S. D’Acci, 2020. "Urbanicity mental costs valuation: a review and urban-societal planning consideration," Mind & Society: Cognitive Studies in Economics and Social Sciences, Springer;Fondazione Rosselli, vol. 19(2), pages 223-235, November.
    8. Lorah D. Dorn & Paula Cerrone, 2000. "Cognitive Function in Patients with Cushing Syndrome," Clinical Nursing Research, , vol. 9(4), pages 420-440, November.
    9. Agnieszka Markiewicz-Gospodarek & Aleksandra Górska & Renata Markiewicz & Zuzanna Chilimoniuk & Marcin Czeczelewski & Jacek Baj & Ryszard Maciejewski & Jolanta Masiak, 2022. "The Relationship between Mental Disorders and the COVID-19 Pandemic—Course, Risk Factors, and Potential Consequences," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-18, August.
    10. Soile Puhakka & Riitta Pyky & Tiina Lankila & Maarit Kangas & Jarmo Rusanen & Tiina M. Ikäheimo & Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen & Raija Korpelainen, 2018. "Physical Activity, Residential Environment, and Nature Relatedness in Young Men—A Population-Based MOPO Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-12, October.
    11. Lærke Mygind & Matt P. Stevenson & Lasse S. Liebst & Ivana Konvalinka & Peter Bentsen, 2018. "Stress Response and Cognitive Performance Modulation in Classroom versus Natural Environments: A Quasi-Experimental Pilot Study with Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-15, May.
    12. Rodrigo B Mansur & Graccielle R Cunha & Elson Asevedo & André Zugman & Maiara Zeni-Graiff & Adiel C Rios & Sumit Sethi & Pawan K Maurya & Mateus L Levandowski & Ary Gadelha & Pedro M Pan & Laura Stert, 2016. "Socioeconomic Disadvantage Moderates the Association between Peripheral Biomarkers and Childhood Psychopathology," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(8), pages 1-14, August.
    13. Emanuele Cannizzaro & Tiziana Ramaci & Luigi Cirrincione & Fulvio Plescia, 2019. "Work-Related Stress, Physio-Pathological Mechanisms, and the Influence of Environmental Genetic Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-10, October.
    14. JianZhong Yang & ChuanYuan Kang & Yong Zeng & JianHua Li & PeiKai Li & WenPeng Wan & XuDong Zhao & WanJun Guo & XiuFeng Xu & XiaoBin Yang & QiuYuan Li & XiaoYan Liu & Sung-Chan Pauline, 2014. "Prevalence and prognosis of schizophrenia in Jinuo people in China: A prospective 30-year follow-up study," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 60(5), pages 482-488, August.
    15. Antonios Apostolopoulos & Naohiro Kawamoto & Siu Yu A. Chow & Hitomi Tsuiji & Yoshiho Ikeuchi & Yuichi Shichino & Shintaro Iwasaki, 2024. "dCas13-mediated translational repression for accurate gene silencing in mammalian cells," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, December.
    16. Giulia Menculini & Francesco Bernardini & Luigi Attademo & Pierfrancesco Maria Balducci & Tiziana Sciarma & Patrizia Moretti & Alfonso Tortorella, 2021. "The Influence of the Urban Environment on Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focus on Air Pollution and Migration—A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-13, April.
    17. Jingchun Chen & Darlene H Brunzell & Kia Jackson & Andrew van der Vaart & Jennie Z Ma & Thomas J Payne & Richard Sherva & Lindsay A Farrer & Pablo Gejman & Douglas F Levinson & Peter Holmans & Steven , 2011. "ACSL6 Is Associated with the Number of Cigarettes Smoked and Its Expression Is Altered by Chronic Nicotine Exposure," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(12), pages 1-10, December.
    18. Jessica L Reed & Enrico D’Ambrosio & Stefano Marenco & Gianluca Ursini & Amanda B Zheutlin & Giuseppe Blasi & Barbara E Spencer & Raffaella Romano & Jesse Hochheiser & Ann Reifman & Justin Sturm & Kar, 2018. "Interaction of childhood urbanicity and variation in dopamine genes alters adult prefrontal function as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(4), pages 1-20, April.
    19. Magdalena M.H.E. Van den Berg & Jolanda Maas & Rianne Muller & Anoek Braun & Wendy Kaandorp & René Van Lien & Mireille N.M. Van Poppel & Willem Van Mechelen & Agnes E. Van den Berg, 2015. "Autonomic Nervous System Responses to Viewing Green and Built Settings: Differentiating Between Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Activity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-15, December.
    20. Sanne C T Peeters & Vincent van de Ven & Ed H B M Gronenschild & Ameera X Patel & Petra Habets & Rainer Goebel & Jim van Os & Machteld Marcelis & Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (G.R.O.U.P.), 2015. "Default Mode Network Connectivity as a Function of Familial and Environmental Risk for Psychotic Disorder," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(3), pages 1-19, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:2:y:2012:i:2:p:2158244012444281. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.