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Revisiting the Validity of the Implicit Beliefs Measure: Focusing on Dimensionality and Discriminability of the CNAAQ-2 (Conceptions of the Nature of Athletic Ability Questionnaire-2) in the Context of South Korean Adolescent Football Players

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  • Dojin Jang
  • Soowoong Hwang
  • Dongkyun Kang

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to verify the internal and external validity of the construct of implicit beliefs concept in the sports context, the Conceptions of the Nature of Athletic Ability Questionnaire-2 (CNAAQ-2). The data of this study were collected from 322 adolescent football players by using CNAAQ-2 and MT (Mental Toughness) Questionnaires. The CFA was employed to examine internal validity (dimensionality), and the ANOVA with the K-means cluster analysis was conducted to examine external validity (discriminability). The results of the CFA supported convergent and discriminant validity of the specific factors (incremental / entity belief) but did not support the significance of the general factor (implicit beliefs). The results of clustering showed that implicit beliefs propensity is divided into three clusters. ANOVA, which set these clusters as an independent variable, showed significant differences for the MT. Based on these results, considerations in the utilization of CNAAQ-2 were discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Dojin Jang & Soowoong Hwang & Dongkyun Kang, 2024. "Revisiting the Validity of the Implicit Beliefs Measure: Focusing on Dimensionality and Discriminability of the CNAAQ-2 (Conceptions of the Nature of Athletic Ability Questionnaire-2) in the Context o," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(2), pages 21582440241, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:14:y:2024:i:2:p:21582440241255456
    DOI: 10.1177/21582440241255456
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lidia Hernández-Andreo & Alberto Gómez-Mármol & María Isabel Cifo-Izquierdo, 2020. "Effects on Motivation and Implicit Beliefs about Self ability using the Sports Education Model and the Traditional Style in Secondary Education," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-10, May.
    2. Steckler, A. & McLeroy, K.R., 2008. "The importance of external validity," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 98(1), pages 9-10.
    3. Hamed Taherdoost, 2016. "Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument; How to Test the Validation of a Questionnaire/Survey in a Research," Post-Print hal-02546799, HAL.
    4. Charrad, Malika & Ghazzali, Nadia & Boiteau, Véronique & Niknafs, Azam, 2014. "NbClust: An R Package for Determining the Relevant Number of Clusters in a Data Set," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 61(i06).
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