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Differential Item Functioning: An Examination of the NEO-FFI by Sex in Older Adults

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  • Marissa A. Gogniat
  • Violeta J. Rodriguez
  • Maria Granros
  • Kharine R. Jean
  • Talia L. Robinson
  • L. Stephen Miller

Abstract

Understanding sex differences when assessing personality in older adults is important for researchers and clinicians. The current study utilized differential item functioning (DIF) to compare male and female older adults’ responses on the NEO-FFI to detect potential sources of measurement bias. Participants included 244 older adults (98 males, 146 females, mean age = 73). DIF by sex was determined using ordinal logistic regression and item response theory.Non-uniform DIF was present in item 31, and uniform DIF was present in item 26 in the Neuroticism scale. In the Extraversion scale, non-uniform DIF was present in items 32 and 37. In the Openness scale, non-uniform DIF was present in items 23 and 48; uniform DIF was present in items 53 and 58. Following Monte Carlo simulations to prevent overidentification, non-uniform DIF was present in item 31 in the Neuroticism scale and item 32 in the Extraversion scale. Results suggest that the NEO-FFI is a minimally biased measurement tool based on sex.

Suggested Citation

  • Marissa A. Gogniat & Violeta J. Rodriguez & Maria Granros & Kharine R. Jean & Talia L. Robinson & L. Stephen Miller, 2022. "Differential Item Functioning: An Examination of the NEO-FFI by Sex in Older Adults," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(1), pages 21582440221, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:12:y:2022:i:1:p:21582440221086607
    DOI: 10.1177/21582440221086607
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Daniel K. Mroczek & Avron Spiro, 2003. "Modeling Intraindividual Change in Personality Traits: Findings From the Normative Aging Study," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 58(3), pages 153-165.
    2. Choi, Seung W. & Gibbons, Laura E. & Crane, Paul K., 2011. "lordif: An R Package for Detecting Differential Item Functioning Using Iterative Hybrid Ordinal Logistic Regression/Item Response Theory and Monte Carlo Simulations," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 39(i08).
    3. Jule Specht & Boris Egloff & Stefan C. Schmukle, 2011. "Stability and Change of Personality across the Life Course: The Impact of Age and Major Life Events on Mean-Level and Rank-Order Stability of the Big Five," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 377, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
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