IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/sagope/v11y2021i3p21582440211027896.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Behavioral Cost of Managerial Decisions Under Risk Perception and Culture: A Comparative Study Between the United States and Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Nishwa Iqbal Dar
  • Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah
  • Zeeshan Ahmed

Abstract

The study is an attempt to find the reasons for biased behavior of overconfident managers while making financial decisions on behalf of shareholders. The study further seeks the ways to resolve the problems faced by firms due to such biased decision-making. For this purpose, quantitative research method is used to uncover the new information for better understanding of study. The comparative analysis has been done through survey-based data collected from executives/managers of firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange. The results indicate that overconfidence bias plays a significant role in managerial decisions for Pakistan compared with U.S. managers. This study applied mediation and moderation tests and found the significant mediating role of risk perception for overconfidence bias and manager decisions. The study further checked moderating role of cultural value, that is, the role of uncertainty avoidance between overconfidence bias of managers and risk perception. Hence, the role of cognitive biases and bounded rationality is undeniable for managerial decision-making and ultimate behavioral cost that firms have to pay due to undesired outcomes of situations. Consequently, this study has reached to extract the hidden facts and solutions to the observed issues for developed and emerging economy’s firms through cultural differences.

Suggested Citation

  • Nishwa Iqbal Dar & Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah & Zeeshan Ahmed, 2021. "Behavioral Cost of Managerial Decisions Under Risk Perception and Culture: A Comparative Study Between the United States and Pakistan," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(3), pages 21582440211, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:11:y:2021:i:3:p:21582440211027896
    DOI: 10.1177/21582440211027896
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/21582440211027896
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/21582440211027896?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Daniel Dorn & Gur Huberman, 2005. "Talk and Action: What Individual Investors Say and What They Do," Review of Finance, Springer, vol. 9(4), pages 437-481, December.
    2. Linghui Tang & Peter E Koveos, 2008. "A framework to update Hofstede's cultural value indices: economic dynamics and institutional stability," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 39(6), pages 1045-1063, September.
    3. Ulrike Malmendier & Geoffrey Tate, 2005. "CEO Overconfidence and Corporate Investment," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 60(6), pages 2661-2700, December.
    4. Kenneth R. MacCrimmon & Donald A. Wehrung, 1990. "Characteristics of Risk Taking Executives," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 36(4), pages 422-435, April.
    5. Serpil Tomak, 2013. "The Impact of Overconfidence on Capital Structure in Turkey," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 3(2), pages 512-518.
    6. EL Gaied Moez & Zgarni Amina, 2018. "Overinvestment of Free Cash Flow and Manager’s Overconfidence," International Business Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 11(3), pages 48-57, March.
    7. Carola Braun, 2017. "Not in My Backyard: CCS Sites and Public Perception of CCS," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(12), pages 2264-2275, December.
    8. Hersh Shefrin, 2001. "Behavioral Corporate Finance," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 14(3), pages 113-126, September.
    9. Pruitt, Stephen W & Gitman, Lawrence J, 1991. "The Interactions between the Investment, Financing, and Dividend Decisions of Major U.S. Firms," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 26(3), pages 409-430, August.
    10. Sayyed Sadaqat Hussain Shah & Xia Xinping & Muhammad Asif Khan & Sinan Abdullah Harjan, 2018. "Investor and Manager Overconfidence Bias and Firm Value: Micro-Level Evidence from the Pakistan Equity Market," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 8(5), pages 190-199.
    11. J B Heaton, 2002. "Managerial Optimism and Corporate Finance," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 31(2), Summer.
    12. Mohamed Ali AZOUZI & Anis JARBOUI, 2012. "Ceo Emotional Bias And Capital Structure Choice. Bayesian Network Method," Business Excellence and Management, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 2(2), pages 47-70, June.
    13. Chuck C Y Kwok & Solomon Tadesse, 2006. "National culture and financial systems," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 37(2), pages 227-247, March.
    14. Itzhak Ben-David & John R. Graham & Campbell R. Harvey, 2007. "Managerial Overconfidence and Corporate Policies," NBER Working Papers 13711, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    15. Graham, John R. & Harvey, Campbell R., 2001. "The theory and practice of corporate finance: evidence from the field," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(2-3), pages 187-243, May.
    16. Lubna Zia & Muzammal Ilyas Sindhu & Shujahat Haider Hashmi, 2017. "Testing overconfidence bias in Pakistani stock market," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(1), pages 1289656-128, January.
    17. Hackbarth, Dirk, 2008. "Managerial Traits and Capital Structure Decisions," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 43(4), pages 843-881, December.
    18. Yates, J. Frank & Lee, Ju-Whei & Shinotsuka, Hiromi & Patalano, Andrea L. & Sieck, Winston R., 1998. "Cross-Cultural Variations in Probability Judgment Accuracy: Beyond General Knowledge Overconfidence?," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 74(2), pages 89-117, May.
    19. Salma Zaiane & Fatma Ben Moussa, 2018. "Cognitive Biases, Risk Perception, and Individual's Decision to Start a New Venture," International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology (IJSSMET), IGI Global, vol. 9(3), pages 14-29, July.
    20. Paul Slovic, 2002. "Terrorism as Hazard: A New Species of Trouble," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 22(3), pages 425-426, June.
    21. Wang, Delu & Sutherland, Dylan & Ning, Lutao & Wang, Yuandi & Pan, Xin, 2018. "Exploring the influence of political connections and managerial overconfidence on R&D intensity in China's large-scale private sector firms," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 40-53.
    22. Muhammad Haroon Rasheed & Amir Rafique & Tayyaba Zahid & Muhammad Waqar Akhtar, 2018. "Factors influencing investor’s decision making in Pakistan," Review of Behavioral Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 10(1), pages 70-87, March.
    23. Harry Zheng & Yukun Shen, 2008. "Jump liquidity risk and its impact on CVaR," Journal of Risk Finance, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 9(5), pages 477-492, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zain UI Abideen & Zeeshan Ahmed & Huan Qiu & Yiwei Zhao, 2023. "Do Behavioral Biases Affect Investors’ Investment Decision Making? Evidence from the Pakistani Equity Market," Risks, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-32, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hackbarth, Dirk, 2009. "Determinants of corporate borrowing: A behavioral perspective," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(4), pages 389-411, September.
    2. Ulrike Malmendier & Geoffrey Tate & Jonathan Yan, 2010. "Overconfidence and Early-life Experiences: The Impact of Managerial Traits on Corporate Financial Policies," NBER Working Papers 15659, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Ulrike Malmendier & Geoffrey Tate & Jonathan Yan, 2007. "Corporate Financial Policies With Overconfident Managers," NBER Working Papers 13570, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. He, Ying & Chen, Cindy & Hu, Yue, 2019. "Managerial overconfidence, internal financing, and investment efficiency: Evidence from China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 501-510.
    5. Bodeutsch, D.S. & Franses, Ph.H.B.F., 2015. "Risk attitudes in company boardrooms in a developing country," Econometric Institute Research Papers EI 2015-04, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Economics (ESE), Econometric Institute.
    6. Michael Dempsey, 2015. "Stock Markets, Investments and Corporate Behavior:A Conceptual Framework of Understanding," World Scientific Books, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., number p1007, September.
    7. Ridha Esghaier, 2017. "Capital Structure Choices and Behavioral Biases: An Application to a Panel of US Industrial Companies," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 7(4), pages 608-622.
    8. Wang, Xu & Deng, Shengliang & Alon, Ilan, 2021. "Women executives and financing pecking order of GEM-listed companies: Moderating roles of social capital and regional institutional environment," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 466-478.
    9. Bharati, Rakesh & Doellman, Thomas & Fu, Xudong, 2016. "CEO confidence and stock returns," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 89-110.
    10. Yang, Daecheon & Kim, Hyuntae, 2020. "Managerial overconfidence and manipulation of operating cash flow: Evidence from Korea✰," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 32(C).
    11. Damien KUNJAL & Jameson NYASHA & Author-Name: Amir GHISYAN & Author-Name: Prinushlee J.GOVENDER & Sameshen MURUGASEN & Priyen NAIDOO & Dhruva S. PATEL & Paul-Francois MUZINDUTSI, 2021. "The Effect of Managerial Overconfidence on Firm Value: Evidence from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange," Management and Economics Review, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 6(1), pages 1-14, June.
    12. Mike Dempsey, 2014. "The Modigliani and Miller Propositions: The History of a Failed Foundation for Corporate Finance?," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 50(3), pages 279-295, September.
    13. Véronique Bessière, 2007. "Excès de confiance des dirigeants et décisions financières:une synthèse," Revue Finance Contrôle Stratégie, revues.org, vol. 10(1), pages 39-66, March.
    14. Schrand, Catherine M. & Zechman, Sarah L.C., 2012. "Executive overconfidence and the slippery slope to financial misreporting," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(1), pages 311-329.
    15. Bilgehan TEKİN, 2019. "The Factors Affecting Capital Structure: A Panel Data Analysis in the Context of Behavioural Corporate Finance," Sosyoekonomi Journal, Sosyoekonomi Society, issue 27(42).
    16. Bukalska Elżbieta, 2019. "Testing trade-off theory and pecking order theory under managerial overconfidence," International Journal of Management and Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of World Economy, vol. 55(2), pages 99-117, June.
    17. Sana Charbti & Fabrice Hervé & Evelyne Poincelot, 2021. "Dividend Policy and Managerial Overconfidence: French Evidence," Post-Print hal-03199452, HAL.
    18. Maurizio Rocca & Neha Neha & Tiziana Rocca, 2020. "Female management, overconfidence and debt maturity: European evidence," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 24(3), pages 713-747, September.
    19. Chune Young Chung & Changhwan Choi & Amirhossein Fard, 2024. "Self‐serving attribution and managerial investment decision," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 76(3), pages 749-772, July.
    20. Graham, John R. & Harvey, Campbell R. & Puri, Manju, 2013. "Managerial attitudes and corporate actions," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(1), pages 103-121.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:11:y:2021:i:3:p:21582440211027896. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.